【正文】 一個類似的論點可以對非裔美國人的運動進行闡述 ,他的組織已經(jīng)是無能為力的，然而激進形式的種族和民族意識擴大 ,至少從年輕人的文化角度上是這樣的。 因此 ,在過去二十年的女性意識甚至作為一個有組織婦女運動擴散。為了在社會各階層獲得更大的性別平等，女權(quán)主義面臨很大壓力 ,這種狀況改變了美國婦女的生活以及美國特有的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。女權(quán)主義如何成為現(xiàn)代西方社會接受的一部分，而不是它的敵人？ 美國女權(quán)運動的第二次浪潮的出現(xiàn)與經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型有關(guān)，它使得女性勞動擁有永久性的基礎(chǔ)。毫無疑問，女權(quán)意識在某種程度上還在持續(xù)，因為它被廣泛地理解為它的目標還沒有實現(xiàn)，許多離開了婦女運動的婦女仍然致力于實現(xiàn)其目標。這往往使性別不平等與的其他不平等，特別是階級和種族這種不平等是有關(guān)的這一說法變得可信。雖然婦女運動還包括工人階級的女人 ,其中很多都是社會主義者 ,對他們來說 ,女權(quán)主義仍然是一個更廣泛的對社會平等承諾的一部分 ,由二十世紀的第二個十年 ,激進主義是婦女運動中的一個小趨勢。即使在六十年代初的新左派 ,把自己當(dāng)作一個女權(quán)主義會使人懷疑并可能引起更極端的反應(yīng)。但這不同于一個群眾性的男女平等的運動。 not only do women still earn less than men, but in the ranks of the poor, single women and their children have e to predominate. The prejudices that discourage women from entering traditionally male fields remain and violence against women persists. Though the nuclear family of the forties and fifties was based on male supremacy, the increasing instability of family life has hardly been a blessing for women. But women’s equality has bee a publicly accepted principle. Glaring deviations from this principle are open to challenge, and very large numbers of women are ready to make such challenges when necessary. This in itself is an enormous and transforming advance. So, over the last two decades feminist consciousness has spread even as the organized women’s movement has contracted. This is partly because of the increasing numbers of women in the labor force, and in other areas of public life, who, in talking to each other and giving each other support, spread and redefined feminism, even if they do not call themselves feminists or use the word. It was possible for the first wave of feminism to disappear because the women’s movement that it was associated with had e to an end without the majority of American women having gained access to arenas outside the home. The fact that women are now in the labor force and the public arena to stay makes it hard to imagine that feminism and what it stands for could disappear again. This is a measure of progress. Probably feminism will continue to be a major political current in the United States, though perhaps not based in any movement, and in that sense a cultural as well as a political phenomenon. Over the last two decades other movements have followed the same trajectory as the women’s movement. The environmental movement is a clear case: once consisting of large numbers of people engaged in political activity, it now consists on the one hand of a series of staffdriven organizations, and on the other, of a large sector of people who consider themselves environmentalist, or who have an environmental consciousness, but who take action on environmental issues largely in individual ways, such as in their shopping habits and in recycling. A similar argument could be made about the AfricanAmerican movement, whose organizations have