【正文】 3）.上海位處長江以及太湖水系流域下流，水質(zhì)、水量受長江及太湖水系外界環(huán)境的制約，保護(hù)和環(huán)境治理的任務(wù)艱巨。城市的碳排放總量是未來城市低碳目標(biāo)的定位及低碳發(fā)展線路圖制定的依據(jù)，同時(shí)對現(xiàn)狀的真實(shí)了解可以在與其他城市進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的比較后，根據(jù)不同城市各自發(fā)展階段采取適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)對措施。這與上海在整個(gè)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的定位、對外交流聯(lián)系程度及在航空、海洋及公路的運(yùn)輸量有關(guān)。并且通過減小居住建筑中的能耗，維持公共建筑單位面積能耗及碳排放下降的趨勢。以此估算，到2020年，上?？稍偕茉窗l(fā)展?fàn)顩r的兩個(gè)百分比可分別提高至2%和6%較為合理。第一次討論是在1980年代中期，上海在1984年11月制定了《關(guān)于上海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的匯報(bào)提綱》，這個(gè)提綱實(shí)際上就是談功能定位：上海要充分發(fā)揮中心城市多功能的作用，力爭20世紀(jì)末把上海發(fā)展成為開放性，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)合理、科學(xué)技術(shù)先進(jìn)、具有高度文明的社會(huì)主義城市。上海曾經(jīng)“以工業(yè)建設(shè)為中心”，是一個(gè)工業(yè)城市。循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)以資源循環(huán)利用為途徑，以保護(hù)環(huán)境、節(jié)約能源為重點(diǎn)，以減量化、再利用、在循環(huán)為原則，以高科技為手段，以生態(tài)平衡、良性循環(huán)、低（零）輸入、高產(chǎn)出、低（零）排放為重要特征，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的循環(huán)發(fā)展，在這個(gè)過程中完成對城市環(huán)境的保護(hù)，節(jié)約了資源的利用，減少了對環(huán)境的污染與破壞，體現(xiàn)了城市環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)體系體現(xiàn)了樞紐型、功能型，形成了高架道路、軌道交通、三橫三縱地面主干道為骨架的中心城立體綜合交通體系，為上海城鄉(xiāng)一體化的全面發(fā)展提供條件。形成一核兩帶一組團(tuán)的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局。全市目前工業(yè)用地中有50%是非集中工業(yè)用地，土地利用的產(chǎn)出率十分低下，平均每平方公里產(chǎn)出在2030億左右。在城鎮(zhèn)體系建設(shè)中，城市用地的擴(kuò)展、大規(guī)模的新區(qū)開發(fā)建設(shè)是城市空間擴(kuò)張的主要方式，如松江等三區(qū)的試點(diǎn)園區(qū)、化工園區(qū)、國際汽車城、臨港新城等。在缺少有力的規(guī)劃和管理的情況下，難以形成整體合力。5實(shí)現(xiàn)上海城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策建議，合理規(guī)劃城市用地推動(dòng)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展，需要組織各個(gè)領(lǐng)域力量，協(xié)調(diào)各個(gè)方面關(guān)系，有序配置各種要素。城市規(guī)劃體系中最重要的是兩大類總體規(guī)劃：一類是城市經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃等功能培育規(guī)劃；另一類是城市建設(shè)總體規(guī)劃、土地利用總體規(guī)劃等空間布局規(guī)劃。（2）.結(jié)合城市產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,優(yōu)化城市規(guī)劃布局。要按照延長企業(yè)資源利用鏈的原則,合理規(guī)劃工業(yè)區(qū),做到廢物資源化、減量化,減輕城市環(huán)境治理的壓力,為建立循環(huán)型經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)奠定基礎(chǔ)。要發(fā)展綠色交通,降低汽車能源消耗,減少排污量,要建立高效的公共交通系統(tǒng)。這就要求加強(qiáng)城市生態(tài)建設(shè)和保護(hù),走城市建設(shè)與生態(tài)建設(shè)相統(tǒng)一、城市發(fā)展與生態(tài)環(huán)境容量相協(xié)調(diào)的城市化道路。滬寧主軸線：共10頁 第 6 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）報(bào)告紙將有可能形成嘉（定）安（亭）新城的次中心城市雛形。明確以新能源、民用航空制造業(yè)、先進(jìn)重大裝備、生物醫(yī)藥、電子信息制造業(yè)、新能源汽車、海洋工程裝備、軟件和信息服務(wù)業(yè)等為九個(gè)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域，發(fā)揮高新技術(shù)園區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和創(chuàng)新集群的引領(lǐng)和輻射作用，帶動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，形成高新產(chǎn)業(yè)在中心城區(qū)與滬寧、滬杭、沿海聚集的“一核、三帶”的總體布局框架。城市交通系統(tǒng)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持以發(fā)展公共交通為基礎(chǔ)，發(fā)展軌道交通為骨干，建立快速公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，形成多種公共交通方式協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的綜合交通體系。作為長三角區(qū)域的龍頭城市，上海應(yīng)該在區(qū)域市場一體化的形成和建設(shè)過程中發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用，必須走長三角區(qū)域各城市的前列，成為推進(jìn)長三角區(qū)域一體化建設(shè)的先行者和火車頭，服務(wù)好長三角區(qū)域的發(fā)展。城市的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是城市的發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。現(xiàn)代城市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，要通曉城市科學(xué)和管理科學(xué)，更要從實(shí)際出發(fā)深刻洞察、準(zhǔn)確把握本城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的大局和規(guī)律、特點(diǎn)。而隨著知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來，政策、科技和文化對上海城市發(fā)展的影響和推動(dòng)將愈加強(qiáng)烈。共10頁 第 8 頁┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）報(bào)告紙參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 諸大建，陳飛．上海建設(shè)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)型城市的研究．同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社，20109． [2] 陳飛．低碳城市發(fā)展與對策措施研究．中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，20109．[3] （20062007）.學(xué)林出版社, 20073.[4] , 20048．[5] 張鴻雁，, 20089．[6] 周振華，熊月之，張廣生，朱金海，周國平，等．，201010.[7] 姚潤明，昆在論文即將完成之際，我的心情無法平靜，從開始進(jìn)入課題到論文的順利完成，有多少可敬的師長、同學(xué)、朋友給了我無言的幫助，在這里請接受我誠摯的謝意!最后我還要感謝培養(yǎng)我長大含辛茹苦的父母，謝謝你們!共10頁 第 10 頁第五篇：中小型城市建筑的可持續(xù)發(fā)展 論文AbstractUnder the tide of economic development in small and mediumsized cities, expand in various areas of the modern architectural design was in full swing but how sustainable design theory intomodern architecture, on the road of development needs to be discussion on the , copying is very serious as a result of the process of modernization, few skills of the continuous improvement and development of Chinese modern architectural design industry, designers should design and known as the design intent for analysis and research, visual effects, grasp the whole and in detail, design and from sustainable development of angle, on modern small and medium city architectural design of status for has research, analysis has “shortlived” building, “l(fā)ow grade” building and “nonenergy saving” building on modern small and medium city sustainable development of effect, respectively from local, and places, and future context, General has small city modern architectural design of sustainable development trend, turn research how implement sustainable development of theory, correctly processing good, and environment and city of relationship, Fully reflects the importance of small and medium urban sustainable development in modern architectural Nowadays, more and more small and mediumsized cities blindly pursue largescale in urban development, small cities want to bee the city, the city want to bee big the construction process, they greedily strive for big buildings and pursuit a lot in addition, they illegally construct and use land, which has an incredible image of cities mixed dirty and in cities never construct harmoniously, some pay no attention to their overall image, some show too much personality, and all of them are adverse to set up a good overall reconstruct old cities, people pull down and build up frequency, destroy precious historical , government who ignore indigenous seeds of trees and grass, blindly plant trees around the city, transplant big trees and introduce strange last, small and mediumsized cities badly copy others’ buildings, blindly pursue form and ignore region Modern architecture with both small and mediumsized cities where certain features of the building, while keeping its distance, showing local scale, proportion, ideology and accept the scale based on accumulation of experience of life and the environment, designed to suit the local refers to grey of traditional to modern, provided that the retention of traditional architectural of traditional small and mediumsized city of modern architecture possible, small and mediumsized cities to maintain cultural and local symbols of renewal of local the designer39。t been well thought out and are only for your reference.