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最新高中英語(yǔ)十六種時(shí)態(tài)精講及練習(xí)題附答案-預(yù)覽頁(yè)

 

【正文】 成時(shí)。時(shí)間標(biāo)志:tomorrow , soon , next Monday ,  next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……二. 構(gòu)成及變化:一般將來(lái)時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事?!  ?When Bill es (不是will e), ask him to wait for me.    I39。常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。常可用來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。例如:  It seemed as if it was going to rain.  看來(lái)好像要下雨。1 The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn39。 came D will be。)3)表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來(lái)動(dòng)作,常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Mike is ing home on Thursday. 邁克星期四回來(lái)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別(一) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性,可帶頻率時(shí)間,無(wú)時(shí)限性。進(jìn)行時(shí)表暫時(shí)性或有限時(shí)刻的持續(xù),表示短暫性動(dòng)作,The table ____ soft。 He jumps high. (特征) He is jumping very high. (反復(fù)) 考題1 I don’t really work here! I ___ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. Have just helped out just helping out D. Will just help out 分析 依題意“我不能在此工作”,說明help out這一行為只是眼前暫時(shí)發(fā)生的事,選C。You’re always forgetting the most important things. (責(zé)備) He often helps others. (事實(shí))He is always making noises in class. (討厭) He is always helping others. (贊揚(yáng)) He is perpetually interfering in my 。I have a lot of friends here.嚴(yán)格區(qū)分進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般時(shí)的語(yǔ)義 (五)e,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般時(shí)態(tài)表客觀規(guī)定計(jì)劃,進(jìn)行時(shí)表主觀打算推測(cè)。6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were doing) 1)概念:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 ①What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,你在做什么? ②I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看電視。(1)From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年,他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。也就是說用一般過去時(shí),只表示有過這件事;用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。如:I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說話時(shí)口里含著食物。(2) go, e, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來(lái)的含義。通常用在口語(yǔ)中,語(yǔ)氣委婉頓生情。shall現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,具體用法如下:tomorrow,Sunday,inevening等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。beclass我明天八點(diǎn)鐘正在上英語(yǔ)課。befactorytwo如:ItoeveningwatchingonWelifebetterdobemistake.表示親切或委婉的語(yǔ)氣。we我們什么時(shí)候再見面?Beare過馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。iswhendon’t舉例:Theybeaskedshouldsixhewascouldhea和將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣,它也常表計(jì)劃中的事,不表意愿或打算。usbeIsomebeShebethe舉例:ThewouldJackwouldasleavingstarted.bethe9現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (have/has done)表示到說話時(shí)為止(或到現(xiàn)在為止)已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了(不一定結(jié)束)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。四種用法表示影響表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)完成,并且這個(gè)過去發(fā)生并完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或結(jié)果,同時(shí)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的或感興趣的就是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果,如漢語(yǔ)說“他已離開這個(gè)城市了”,其中的“離開”肯定發(fā)生了,它對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果就是“他現(xiàn)在已不在這個(gè)城市了”;又如漢語(yǔ)說“有人把窗戶打破了”,顯然“打破窗戶”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,并且在過去已經(jīng)完成了,但說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是打破窗戶對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響——窗戶現(xiàn)在仍是破的。(結(jié)果:窗戶仍破著。顯然“完成工作”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,同時(shí)也在過去已經(jīng)完成,但這個(gè)過過去發(fā)生和完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響——我們可以休息了,或可以回家了,或可以做別的事了。We have lived here quite a number of years. 我們?cè)谶@里住了很多年了。表示將來(lái)同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)一樣,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里表示將來(lái)。s the first time I ___ here.A. even, e  B. even, have e  C. ever, e  D. ever, have e現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)詞對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響。體會(huì)下面的句子(注意體會(huì)說話者用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的言外之意):  例一   I’ve washed the car. 我已經(jīng)洗過車了?! ? The lift broke down. 電梯壞了。)   Tom had a bad crash. 湯姆發(fā)生過嚴(yán)重車禍。就是說,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,然而該動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。(意味著:So I am not worried about her. 于是我不擔(dān)心她了。2. 表示過去的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能持續(xù)下去?!居梅ū嫖觥楷F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法區(qū)別這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都可以指過去已發(fā)生的事,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,或是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;而一般過去時(shí)單純談過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回升)Now he’s a worker,and he once served in the army for 5 ,他曾在部隊(duì)服過5年兵役。10 過去完成時(shí)(had done) :以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”?! ?When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示原本…,未能…   We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。Very soon she apologized and left. 不久她表示了歉意就走了。(2) 由after, before, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,由于這些連詞已經(jīng)清楚地表明了主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后順序,所以對(duì)于先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般過去時(shí)表示:I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把這消息告訴了他們?!咀ⅰ咳魶]有明確的語(yǔ)境,則宜用過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,否則可能有歧義,如說I hoped to pass the examination. 它只表明過去想通過考試,但并未說明通過與否。比較:I have learned 1000 English words so 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞?!?Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few ,我只等了幾分鐘。(到現(xiàn)在仍生病) ?、贓verything had gone well up to that ,一切都很順利。She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the position petition.3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí),按時(shí)間順序,只需用一般過去時(shí)來(lái)代替過去完成時(shí);另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后,因此也可以用過去時(shí)來(lái)代替過去完成時(shí)。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就會(huì)全然忘記這件事的。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍?! 、?By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.  等你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候,我們已經(jīng)在歐洲呆了兩星期了。ll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.  我一做完作業(yè)就去看展覽。He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就寫完他的小說。將來(lái)完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. By the end of this year ,I ____enough money for a holiday A will save B will be saving C will have saved Dhave saved選C,by the end of this year, 是明確表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),主句表示在這個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作,故應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí). i have done that,I (______) all I was supposed to do.(do)我做完了這件事,就做完了我全部應(yīng)該做的事情。saidher她說那時(shí)她會(huì)已經(jīng)考完試了。SophiayouIhave我想你現(xiàn)在一定已經(jīng)干完了。aItotheshehome.well!guessed如:We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我們等他等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。They have been planting trees this month. 這個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在植樹。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成(一)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。   We have been waiting for you for half an hour.   我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)  ?。ㄈ┯行┈F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。   I have been writing a book.(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去) 我一直在寫一本書。   (五)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。   現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示做完的時(shí)期以及已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不可以   現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)   在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 show C. Had。 ’t say ’t say ’t say you be employed5.(上海春季高考題)By the end of last year,another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. be pleted has lost to graduate9.(上海高考題)I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child. to blame get  they know。 don’t notice reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it. traveling been traveling to travel17.—Is this raincoat yours?—No,mine ________ there behind the door. hanging hang1
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