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最新高中英語十六種時態(tài)精講及練習(xí)題附答案(文件)

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【正文】 預(yù)計不久要發(fā)生。/+常與soon,ontime,tomorrowwillEnglishtomorrow.willthenext在口語中常用來表示按計劃或安排即要發(fā)生的動作。tomorrowflying明天這個時候我將飛往紐約。thisbeprogrammes今晚七時,我將正在收看電視上的新聞節(jié)目。如:peasants’getting我們相信農(nóng)民的生活會越來越好。don’tshallserious(4)shallagain?youstreet.Tomhomeworkback,please.基本結(jié)構(gòu):中,尤其多用于間接引語中。would(用于間接引語中)HeIatday.他問我次日六點(diǎn)將正在做什么。jobtakinghorses.他將要接受的新工作是養(yǎng)賽馬。hebecausehaving但上下文清楚時,時間狀語亦可省略。toldwouldday.約翰告訴我們瑪麗第二天來。thatwouldChina.我從未想到將來有一天會在中國居住。wouldontrain.她說她將乘10點(diǎn)鐘的火車走。hewas(用在定語從句中)Herestbecarwouldto詹姆斯要開車到大學(xué)去。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。)Someone has broken the 。We have finished the work. 我們已把工作干完了。根據(jù)句意可知,“等”這個動作發(fā)生在過去,但它在過去并沒有完成,而是一直等到現(xiàn)在,已持續(xù)了一個星期。如:How often have you seen her again? 你隔多長時間見她一次?My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父親一向騎車上班。典型例題(1) Do you know our town at all?   No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. was  B. have been  C. came  D. am ing (2) Have you ____ been to our town before?  No, it39?! ? 其實(shí),對于過去發(fā)生并已完成的動作,不管你是用一般過去時還是用過去完成時,它對現(xiàn)在都是有影響的,它們的不同之處在于,說話者是否強(qiáng)調(diào)這個影響——如果強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,就用現(xiàn)在完成時;如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的過去時間,就用一般過去時?! ± ? The lift has broken down. 電梯壞了。(他可能仍在住院?! ∪绾卫斫猬F(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)影響?1. 現(xiàn)在完成時,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。)My daughter has already phoned me about her health. 我女兒已經(jīng)給我來電話,說過她身體情況。但無法表達(dá)那種對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果。She’s been very busy lately. 她最近非常忙。(現(xiàn)在仍低)The prices went down for a long time last year. 去年價格曾下降過一段很長的時間。I saw the film already. (= I have seen the film already.) 我看過這部電影?! ?She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 狀語從句在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。但有時某個動作雖然發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,但卻也可用一般過去時,如:(1) 當(dāng)幾個過去的動作用and, then, but等連接,且按照動作發(fā)生的先后順序表達(dá)時,幾個動作均可用一般過去:I bought a radio but lost it. 我買了一部收音機(jī),但丟了。The little girl alternately sulked and made scenes. 這小姑娘一會兒生悶氣,一會兒和人吵架。I thought I could go, but I can’t. 我原認(rèn)為我能去,但我(現(xiàn)在)去不了。過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去,以現(xiàn)在的時間為基點(diǎn),但側(cè)重對現(xiàn) 在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn) 在有關(guān),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞have (has) + 過去分詞”;過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài),以過去時間為基點(diǎn),它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”,只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它。m sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起,讓你久等了。(到過去某時間) ?、?She has been ill for a week. 她生病一個星期了。比較:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時,謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷:先發(fā)生的用過去完成時,后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。將來完成時的構(gòu)成是由shall/will + have +過去分詞構(gòu)成的。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到這個學(xué)期末,我們將學(xué)完12個單元。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了這個信息3 將來完成時通常與:“by+將來時間”和"by the time that"結(jié)構(gòu)連用例如: ?、?By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.  到2050年,科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)找到了治愈癌癥的方法?! 、?I39。clock, they will have arrived home by now.   已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)鐘了,他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時與將來完成的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在時間為參照點(diǎn),表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài),過去完成時則以過去時間為參照點(diǎn),表示在“過去”某一時間以前發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)到“過去”某一時間的狀態(tài),將來完成時則以將來時間為參照點(diǎn),表示在“將來”某一時間為止已經(jīng)完成的動作或持續(xù)到“將來”某一時間的狀態(tài):He has finished writing his novel. 他已寫完了他的小說。若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成(且不致于引起歧義),有時也可用一般現(xiàn)在時:I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。Shefinishedthen.thoughttoldwouldnow.arethingsliked有好些事我本想問你的。byarrivedgoneWell,have這誰會想到呀!13. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(have been doing),一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。如:They have been building the bridge for two month. 兩個月來他們一直在修橋。(2) 在表示動作的延續(xù)時,雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時,也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行。如:I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在這兒住了多年了。(動作還將繼續(xù)下去)  ?。ǘ┍硎驹谡f話時刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。  ?。ㄋ模┐蠖鄶?shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子。   They have built a bridge. 他們造了一座橋。 其構(gòu)成形式如下: I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞   功用如下:   1) 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動,如:   Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?   2) 表示一個從過去開始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動,如:   It has been raining for two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下)   Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.  3) 表示一個從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個階段內(nèi),重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動,如: She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作行為的結(jié)果、影響,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時只強(qiáng)調(diào)動作行為本身,如:   Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.  注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時有否定結(jié)構(gòu)、而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時沒有否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 shown B. Do 。4.(北京春季高考題)—How long ________ at this job?—Since 1990. you employed being pleted been pleted lost had lost cried。 has lost7.(北京高考題)—Excuse me, you do me a favor?—Of is it?—I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. wondered wondering wonder wonder8.(上海高考題)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year. graduate have graduated will have to will have to go down gone down going down13.—How long ________ each other before they ________ married?—For about a year. they known。 got can’t move in right house ________. painted turned around and saw everybody ________ at a man who _______。 wasn’t noticing haven’t noticed painted being painted get they know。 not keep。 not kept。        blame has been writing the position the whole morning and he still ________. been   going to blame to be blame’t written3.(北京春季高考題)—When will you e to see me,Dad?—I will go to see you when you ________ the training course. have finished’t write ’t write2.(全國高考題)I wonder why Jenny ________us should have heard from her by now.’t written shown D. Did。如:   Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.  He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并沒有給我工作過,我和他沒有過那許多接觸。   I have known him for years. 我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。   I have written a book.(動作已經(jīng)完成) 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。   They have been living in this city for ten years.   They have lived in this city for ten years.   他們在這個城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.   中國有2000年的造紙歷史。如:We have been studying here for two years. 我們在這兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù),因此,表示動作的完成,只能用現(xiàn)在完成時,而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時由“hav
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