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態(tài)和品質(zhì)。在英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可作及物動詞,又可作不及物動詞??煞譃楦鷨钨e語的及物動詞、跟雙賓語的及物動詞、跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動詞等。B.指人的間接賓語在指物的直接賓語后需加for的動詞:buy 買 choose 選擇 draw 畫find 發(fā)現(xiàn) keep 保持 make 使order 點(diǎn)菜 paint 油漆 save 救護(hù)’ll find you another chance.(可變?yōu)镮’ll find another chance for you.)我會再給你找機(jī)會的。B.可跟名詞短語作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有:call 叫 name 命名 make 使變?yōu)閣ish 祝愿 consider 認(rèn)為 find 找到keep 使 choose 選擇 elect 選舉 consider him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)奇怪的人。E.可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有:have 使 make 使let 讓 see 看見notice 注意 feel 感覺watch 注意看 look at 看listen to 聽 observe 觀察discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)注意:我們通常給學(xué)生講的原則是記住這些詞后加動詞原形。H.可跟as/for等引起的介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有:regard 看做 consider 認(rèn)為 choose 選為use 當(dāng)作……用 keep 把……當(dāng)作 can keep this book as your own.你可以留著這本書自己用。Keep all these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.把所有的書放在書架上,用時(shí)隨時(shí)拿。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么時(shí)候看見她,她總保持沉默。The weather is being warmer and warmer as the spring is ing.春天來了,天氣變得越來越暖和。常見的有:admit 承認(rèn) arrive 到達(dá)begin 開始 borrow 借 buy 買 break 打破close 關(guān)閉 e 來 die 死 fall 倒 go 走 hit 擊中 join 加入 jump 跳 leave 離開 lose 丟 marry 結(jié)婚 open 打開 put 放 start 開始 stop 停常用的持續(xù)性動詞與終止性動詞的對照:釋義終止性動詞持續(xù)性動詞買借到達(dá)得知,獲悉穿放結(jié)婚了解回來離開站起來躺下坐下buyborrowarrivelearnput onputmarryget to knowe backleavestand uplie downsit downhavekeepstayknowwearliebe marriedknowbe backbe awaystandliesit 持續(xù)性動詞與終止性動詞的用法區(qū)別(1)持續(xù)性動詞可用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語修飾,而終止性動詞不可以。所以上表同學(xué)們應(yīng)熟記。The fire broke out during the night.火災(zāi)是夜間發(fā)生的。 did you get to know him?你什么時(shí)候認(rèn)識他的?They began to see that they had made a serious mistake.他們開始認(rèn)識到自己犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。We haven’t e here for ages.我們多年沒來這里了?! 〕S玫那閼B(tài)動詞有can,could,may,might,will, would, should,ought to, must,need, dare, used to等。B.當(dāng)人們現(xiàn)在決定將來的可能性時(shí),常常用can。 I have fulfilled my present work tomorrow, I’ll be able to join your traveling.如果我明天能完成目前的任務(wù),我就能參加你們的旅行。 could hardly understand her Japanese, but I was able to read her face.我?guī)缀醪欢f的日語,但我卻讀懂了她的表情。有時(shí)指一時(shí)的情況,常常譯為“有時(shí)候會”。B.在否定和疑問句中,can表達(dá)可能性,有驚異、懷疑、不相信之意,這時(shí)can與could沒有時(shí)間上的差異,只是could的語氣更委婉、客氣。can have done主要用于疑問句和否定句中。 I watch TV for a while, Mum? I have been studying for the ing examinations for a whole day.媽媽,我可以看一會兒電視嗎?我已經(jīng)為將要到來的考試學(xué)了一整天了。這種用法常見于陳述句和疑問句中。表示給予許可時(shí)用may不用might;may not用來表示拒絕或禁止。在引出間接引語的動詞過去式之后,may改為might。might不是may的過去式,它所表示的可能性比may所表示的可能性(現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼目赡苄?小一些。如果他打電話的話,能否告訴他晚些時(shí)候再打?may not與cannot/can’t的區(qū)別may not指“可能不”,而cannot指“不可能”。③may表示祝愿 you all succeed in whatever you do!祝你諸事成功!May you have a good time flying over the Pacific to Australia!祝你飛越太平洋到達(dá)澳大利亞的旅途快樂。’m afraid I must look back upon the way I’ve just been on.恐怕我得回顧一下我剛剛走過的路。 had to leave early this morning because I had a parentteacher association to attend.我今天早晨得早走,因?yàn)槲业萌⒓蛹议L會。You don’t need to/don’t have to/needn’t tell him the truth if you don’t want to.如果你不想告訴他真相,你沒有必要告訴他。(否定形式為haven’t。在否定句或疑問句中,要用can’t和can。③must表示偏要、偏偏 在疑問句中must可以用來表示一個(gè)人較強(qiáng)烈的感情。她肯定出去了。A.征求對方的意見或請求用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或請求。Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.告訴杰瑞如果他表現(xiàn)好的話,他就會得到一份禮物。The National Party Congress shall be held every five years.黨的全國代表大會每五年舉行一次。. Lee asked if he should get his visa tomorrow.李先生問明天能否可以拿到簽證?!痵 surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.瑪麗竟然愛像杰克這樣的人,真是奇怪。It’s already 10. She promised to e by 10. She should be here at any moment.已經(jīng)10點(diǎn)了,她答應(yīng)10點(diǎn)之前來的。Jim shouldn’t have done all the work within one day. There was still time.吉姆本不該把所有的工作一天全做完的。 ought to stop polluting nature.人類應(yīng)停止污染大自然了。 should/ought to go and see Mary some time.你應(yīng)該找個(gè)時(shí)間去看看瑪麗。C.與動詞不定式的完成式連用,表示本來該做某事而沒做。(5)will,would的用法①表示意愿表示自愿做或主動提出做什么,如意志、愿望或決心等。注意:作情態(tài)動詞的will,would與作助動詞的will,would的形式相同但意義差別很大。Would you open the window, please? I feel it is a little stuffy in here.你愿意打開窗戶嗎?我感到這里有點(diǎn)兒悶。 old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.這位老人很奇怪。其否定形式為usedn’t[5ju:snt] to或didn’t use[ju:s] to。 would feel lost whenever she got into trouble.一遇到困難,她總是感到失落。 are to discuss the report next Wednesday.我們將在下周三討論這個(gè)報(bào)告。The magazines and newspapers are not to be taken out of the reading room.這些雜志和報(bào)紙不準(zhǔn)帶出閱覽室。 we are to be at the station by 9 o’clock, we must leave right now.如果我們要想在9點(diǎn)之前趕到那里,我們現(xiàn)在必須就走。⑥用來表示目的。My idea is to lay aside all the affairs right today.我的觀點(diǎn)就是今天把所有的事情都放一下。I was about to speak, but Mary spoke first.我正要講話,但瑪麗先開口說了。We are about to start off at six.()We are starting off at six.(√)We will start off at six.(√)(9)had better的用法 主要用來表示勸告或建議,had better后直接跟動詞原形。特別提示:had better的否定式和疑問式: had better not quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.不管發(fā)生了什么,你最好不要和鄰居吵鬧。You needn’t be told twice about one thing.同一件事不必告訴你兩遍?!狣o I need to leave my telephone number and address?—我有必要把電話和地址留下嗎?—Yes, you need to.(No, you don’t need to.)是的。need作情態(tài)動詞和實(shí)義動詞的用法區(qū)別:(11)dare的用法①作情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞dare多用于疑問句、否定句、條件句中。注意:I dare say已成為習(xí)慣說法,它的意思由于經(jīng)常使用已經(jīng)弱化為“也許、我想”。This student doesn’t dare (to) raise any question in class.在課堂上這個(gè)學(xué)生不敢提出任何問題。構(gòu)成被動時(shí)態(tài)The glass was broken by Annie.玻璃是被安妮打碎的。加強(qiáng)語氣She does love pop music.她的確喜歡流行音樂。(1)be的用法 be用作助動詞和其他連系動詞一樣,有各種變化形式。The work has already been finished.工作已經(jīng)做完了。(2)have的用法 助動詞have的各種形式如下表所示: 助動詞have與過去分詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)態(tài)。Do you often carry a camera?你經(jīng)常帶著照相機(jī)嗎?I didn’t know you were ing until Friday.直到星期五我才知道你要來。其主要形式如下表所示:①will用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的各種人稱’ll meet at the same place we did last time.我們將在上次見面的地方相會。My parents phoned me that they would e soon.我父母打電話告訴我說他們很快就會來。④should用于過去將來時(shí)態(tài)的第一人稱,這里不是情態(tài)動詞?! hall,should用于第一人稱表示單純的將來時(shí),在現(xiàn)代英語中分別用will,would代替。call on = visit 拜訪 care for = like 喜歡 go by = pass 經(jīng)過keep on = continue 繼續(xù) bring up = educate 教育 set out = start 開始ring up = telephone 打電話2.短語動詞的及物性(1)及物的短語動詞①“動詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般是及物動詞,后面常常帶賓語。有一點(diǎn)同學(xué)們心中要清楚,表示肯定的推測用情態(tài)動詞“must+be”,表示否定的推測用情態(tài)動詞“can’t+be”。答案是can’t be?!薄敖涞簟庇胓ive u