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hould除了表示單純的將來時間以外,更多的是用作情態(tài)動詞。 shall,should用于第一人稱表示單純的將來時,在現(xiàn)代英語中分別用will,would代替。三、短語動詞1.短語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu) 短語動詞由動詞、介詞、副詞通過一定的結(jié)合而構(gòu)成,主要有如下六種: 動詞+副詞。注意動詞加副詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,it, them作賓語,放在副詞之前。 put on 穿上、上演 pick out 選出來 break in 打斷put aside 放在一邊 put away 收拾起來 give in 屈服turn in 上交 ring up 打電話 run away 跑掉put down 放下、寫下 go back 回去 throw away 扔掉think over 認真思考 go by 走過去 go ahead 開始干go about 四處走動 look around 環(huán)顧 turn off 關(guān)閉break out 爆發(fā) set up 搭起、創(chuàng)建 give up 放棄find out 查出 look through 仔細瀏覽 go on 繼續(xù)動詞+介詞ask for 請求 break into 破門而入 care for 喜歡care about 關(guān)心 look after 照顧 get off 下車depend on 依靠 think of 考慮 die from 死于believe in 信任 listen to 聽 look at 看go over 復習 arrive at 到達 arrive in 到達work on 從事 laugh at 嘲笑begin with 以開始 go through 從……穿過do without 沒有……也行 e across 偶然碰到動詞+副詞+介詞go in for 從事、參加 look forward to 盼望catch up with 趕上、超過 go on with 繼續(xù)do away with 廢除掉 add up to 加起來總共break away from 躲開、脫離 keep out of 使……不進入get along with 與……相處、進展 get on with 進展、與……相處動詞+名詞+介詞catch hold of 抓住 pay attention to 注意take part in 參加 make use of 利用get rid of 處理 catch sight of 突然發(fā)現(xiàn)take the place of 替代 take notice of 注意到take pride in 以……為豪 show interest in 對……表現(xiàn)出興趣be+形容詞+介詞be fond of 喜歡 be afraid of 害怕be famous for 以……出名 be sure about/of 對……有把握be good at 擅長于…… be good for 對……有好處be good to 對……友好 be ready for 為……做好準備be active in 在……方面積極 be proud of 以……為豪動詞+名詞take place 發(fā)生 keep watch 值班take aim 瞄準 lose heart 灰心特別提示:很多“動副”和“動介”結(jié)構(gòu)相當于一個及物動詞。call on = visit 拜訪 care for = like 喜歡 go by = pass 經(jīng)過keep on = continue 繼續(xù) bring up = educate 教育 set out = start 開始ring up = telephone 打電話2.短語動詞的及物性(1)及物的短語動詞①“動詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般是及物動詞,后面常常帶賓語。look at 看 laugh at 嘲笑 work at 努力工作know about 了解 think about 思考、認為 ask for 要求得到send for 派人去請 pay for 為……付錢 e from 來自learn from 向……學習 talk of 談起 e into 進入happen to 對……發(fā)生了 live on 以……為生②大部分“短語動詞”可用作及物動詞set up 建立、創(chuàng)建 let out 泄露 try on 試穿find out 查出 turn on 打開 put on 穿上、上演feed on 以……為食 turn off 關(guān)掉 work out 計算出give up 放棄 eat up 吃光 hold up 舉起turn over 打翻注:這些短語中帶的賓語是it,them時,通常放在副詞之前。③“動詞+其他詞+介詞”常用作及物動詞catch up with 趕上 take care of 照顧be fond of 喜歡 make use of 利用(2)不及物的短語動詞①部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用作不及物動詞e on 加油 e along 一起來 move on 繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移fall behind 落后 grow up 長大 set out 出發(fā)set off 出發(fā) stay up 熬夜 look back 回頭看e up 出現(xiàn) be in 在家 be out 不在家be over 結(jié)束 go ahead 前進、進行 go out 出去Look out! There’s danger ahead.當心!前面危險。四.典例剖析例題1.—Look at the boy running on the ground? Is it Davis?—It ________ be him. I saw him go into the teachers’ office just now.(黃岡中考題)A.must B.can’tC.could D.might解題技巧: 此題主要考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。有一點同學們心中要清楚,表示肯定的推測用情態(tài)動詞“must+be”,表示否定的推測用情態(tài)動詞“can’t+be”。根據(jù)題意“看操場上跑步的那個男孩,是David嗎?”不可能是他。“剛才我看見他到老師的辦公室去了?!钡弥欠穸ǖ耐茰y。答案是can’t be。答案:B例題2.Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better ________.(烏蘭察布中考題)A.take it out B.take out itC.give it up D.give up it解題技巧: 此題考查動詞加副詞這種短語帶賓語的用法,在這次專題復習中,我們復習了這種動詞短語。由于動詞后面的詞是副詞,所以當賓語是代詞“it,them”時,通常將賓語放在副詞之前。根據(jù)題意“吸煙對你的健康有害,你最好戒掉它?!薄敖涞簟庇胓ive up。答案:C例題3.—What do you think of the music, Fred?—It ________ wonderful.(臺州中考題)A.smells B.looksC.tastes D.sounds解題技巧: 此題考查聯(lián)系動詞的用法,根據(jù)題意“你認為這音樂怎么樣,F(xiàn)red?這音樂聽起來很美?!薄奥犉饋怼庇胹ounds。答案:D沖刺練習1.—Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.—It ________ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.A.can’t B.mustn’tC.may D.should2.—Let’s go to the supermarket by taxi.—We ________ take a taxi. It’s not far from here.A.can’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t3.John, you needn’t do your work today. You ________ do it tomorrow if you’re tired.A.must B.may C.can’t4.—Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?—Yes, you ________. But you have to e back before nine.A.shall B.must C.need D.can5.When traffic lights are red, we ________ stop and wait.A.may B.can C.must D.might6.The dish ________ delicious. I can’t wait to eat it.A.feels B.sounds C.smells D.tastes7.—May I ________ Snow White and Seven Dwarves from your shelf?—I am sorry. I ________ it to Ann yesterday.A.lend;borrowed B.use;lendC.borrow;lent D.look;borrowed8.The conductor helped an old man ________ the bus and said to him,“Don’t ________ until the bus stops at the next bridge.”A.get off;get on B.get on;get offC.get into;get out of D.get on;get of9.I’m ________ Helen. Have you seen her?A.looking up B.looking after C.looking at D.looking for10.The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it?—Of course.A.Will B.WouldC.Can D.Shall11.—Can you mend a TV set?—No, I ________.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.may not D.needn’t12.Tony, the ice is thin. You ________ skate on it.A.may B.must C.mustn’t D.needn’t13.—Can I help you?—Yes. I’d like to ________ the blue skirt.A.look for B.put onC.wait for D.try on14.—Whose book is it?—It ________ be Tom’s. There is his name on the cover.A.must B.may C.need D.will15.—I always feel tired.—You ________ do more exercise to make you stronger.A.can B.mayC.could D.should16.He is working in the office now. He ________ be playing football with his friends on the playground.A.can’t B.may not C.won’t D.mustn’t17.We all know that his father ________ swim very well.A.must B.shallC.can D.may18.Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over. We ________ stay in our classroom.A.should B.mustC.had to D.could19.—________ I take some photos in the hall?—Yes, you ________.A.Could;need B.Could;mayC.May;can D.May;may20.My sister ________ kind to all her friends.A.be B.a(chǎn)reC.a(chǎn)m D.is