【正文】 Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. (應改為 who have finished) The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. (應改為 who gave us) ⑦ 系動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式不可用作后置定語，此時要用從句來表示 ，如： Those being busy don’t have to go. (應改為Those who are busy don’t have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (應改為 who is) ⑧ 不及物動詞的過去分詞不可用作后置定語，若要表示這個意思要用從句 ，如： The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (應改為 which/that died) 狀語 分詞作狀語說明謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結果、伴隨情況、行為方式或對謂語加以補充說明等。 (一 ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 ① 現(xiàn)在分詞 作伴隨狀語 ，表示 陪襯性的動作或伴隨情況 例如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. They stood there for an hour watching the game. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. 注意 a. 分詞表示的必須是主語的一個動作； b. 分詞表示的動作和謂語表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）是 同時 發(fā)生的； c. 分詞表示的是比較次要的動作，對謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)加以說明； d. 大部分放在謂語之后； e. 分詞有時可以與句子的其他部分用逗號隔開。如果兩個動作是完全同時發(fā)生的，多用 when 或 while + 分詞這種結構 如： Be careful when crossing the street. Don’t mention this while talking to him. 注意 注② ： 如果要強調謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生時，分詞的動作已經(jīng) 完成 ，這個分詞要用 完成形式 (having done) 如： Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work. Having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction. 如： Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. (結果 ) The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (結果 ) Working hard, you will succeed. (條件 ) Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site. (條件 ) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (讓步 ) ⑤ 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語還可以 表示結果、條件和讓步 (二 ) 過去分詞作狀語 ⑥ 過去分詞短語 作狀語 ，可以修飾謂語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況 Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. Led by the party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly. Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room. The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. ⑦ 過去分詞短語 表示原因 （ 相當于一個原因狀語從句 ） The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. (= as he was exhausted…) ⑧ 過去分詞短語有時可以 表示時間 （相當于時間狀語從句）和 條件 （相當于條件狀語從句） United, we stand。 作賓補說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的 主謂關系 ； 過去分詞 作賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，形成邏輯上的 動賓關系 。 I entered the room, I found him reading. teacher came in ,holding a flower in her left hand. 3. Examining the patient carefully, the doctor paid special attention to the pain in his chest. (having done) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示分詞的動作發(fā)生 在謂語動作之前 。 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。 was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing ’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、修飾 noise 的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意 “ 一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響。 因此，該題應 選 C。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句 who were invited puter centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析：該題應 選 D。但 現(xiàn)在分詞 作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是 主動關系 ，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作 同時發(fā)生 ；而 過去分詞 則表示 被動關系 ，所示動作一般發(fā)生在 謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生 。因為 seems 在此句中用作連系動詞 。 3. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very ____. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 簡析：該題應 選 B。但 現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是 主動關系 ，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作 同時發(fā)生 ；而 過去分詞 則表示 被動關系 ，所示動作一般發(fā)生在 謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生 。 2. Good morning. Can I help you? I’d like to have the package ____, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 簡析 : 首先 , 根據(jù)語法分析可知 , 待選部分在句中應作賓補 , 補充說明賓語 the package。 測試動詞 imagine 后要求跟動名詞 , Peter 是動名詞的邏輯主語。 不同點： 分詞作狀語時， 句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語 。 a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡析：該題應 選 C。 測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補充說明的狀語。 另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時，需要獨立主格結構或 with 復合結構來替代。 （五）、作表語的分詞與時態(tài)、語態(tài)中的分詞區(qū)別 作表語的分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或特征； 構成進行、完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的分詞強調的是動作。 tired B. tired 。 following B. followed 。 seen B. Seen 。 taken B. looking 。 stolen B. laying。 given B. Given。 being held B. Held 。 excited B. exci