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風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資、股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)與創(chuàng)業(yè)績效-預(yù)覽頁

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【正文】 全樣本創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)中,%%,而有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資參與的95家創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)的無形資產(chǎn)占比均值和中位數(shù)都要高一些,%%。,這將導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)業(yè)者的努力程度下降,進(jìn)而造成企業(yè)績效下滑。具體而言,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資參與創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)的時(shí)間越長,企業(yè)的投資績效和獲利性反而越差,而成長績效則有所提升。如果數(shù)據(jù)允許,我們可以從如下兩個(gè)角度對(duì)此推斷進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步實(shí)證:其一,按照風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資相對(duì)持股比例將樣本企業(yè)分成兩組,比較兩組樣本中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資從業(yè)時(shí)間或經(jīng)營期限的差異;其二,利用有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資支持的企業(yè)上市后的業(yè)績表現(xiàn),并根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資從業(yè)時(shí)間分組考察上市后企業(yè)業(yè)績的差異。表3 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資及其參與特征對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的影響因變量模型1模型2ROAMProfitGrowthROAMProfitGrowthC***()***()***()**()***()***()Gleve***()***()()()**()()Assturn***()***()*()***()()()Cfa***()***()()***()***()***()Life***()***()()VC*()()()VcDur**()()()VcZ**()()*()AdjR2樣本數(shù)45095注:括號(hào)中的值為T統(tǒng)計(jì)量值,***、**、*分別表示在1%、5%和10%的水平上顯著,下同。事實(shí)上,即便創(chuàng)業(yè)者不是作為第一大股東或者企業(yè)經(jīng)營者,是否能夠給予企業(yè)高管激勵(lì)也對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)績效有著非常重要的作用。因此,從257家企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人為前五大股東的創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)中選擇負(fù)責(zé)人持股比例數(shù)據(jù)完整的250家創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè),表5的模型5和模型6進(jìn)一步分別引入企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人是否為第一大股東和負(fù)責(zé)人持股比例兩個(gè)解釋變量,回歸發(fā)現(xiàn):企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人作為第一大股東的投資績效和獲利性要明顯要好;而且,負(fù)責(zé)人持股比例越高,創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)投資績效和獲利性越好。需要特別說明的是,企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人是否為第一大股東和企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人持股比例針對(duì)成長績效的回歸系數(shù)為負(fù)使得我們不能完全接受假設(shè)5和6,其原因在于,不少創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)在創(chuàng)業(yè)過程由于缺乏專業(yè)管理知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn),難免過于追求投資回報(bào)和獲利水平等短期績效,而忽略對(duì)企業(yè)的長遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃,這也正是創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)需要大力引進(jìn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資,尤其是聲譽(yù)良好、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資的初衷之一,因?yàn)槿缒P?指出的那樣,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資更加關(guān)注企業(yè)的成長性。然而,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資相對(duì)持股比例VcZ對(duì)三類績效指標(biāo)的回歸系數(shù)符號(hào)與表3模型2結(jié)果一致,尤其是對(duì)成長績效的作用在10%的水平仍然顯著為負(fù)再次印證了Gompers(1996)的“炫耀模型”,即,在我國風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資的起步階段,不少年輕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏支持企業(yè)上市的歷史記錄,由于急于向市場展示其“實(shí)力”和獲得“美譽(yù)”,它們會(huì)在享有企業(yè)控制權(quán)(即高的相對(duì)持股比例)的情況下選擇盡早將企業(yè)包裝上市,而不太關(guān)心上市后企業(yè)的業(yè)績。針對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資及其參與特征的研究結(jié)果表明,由于我國風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資起步較晚,其從業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專業(yè)管理與服務(wù)能力還相對(duì)欠缺,創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目遴選機(jī)制也尚不健全,因此,它們并未起到提升創(chuàng)業(yè)績效的作用:有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資參與的創(chuàng)業(yè)投資績效和獲利性反而都較差,而且,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資參與企業(yè)的時(shí)間越長,企業(yè)投資績效和獲利性都表現(xiàn)得越差;同時(shí),隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資相對(duì)持股比例的增加,對(duì)企業(yè)控制權(quán)的掌握將使得風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資通過提升企業(yè)投資回報(bào)和獲利性績效的方式盡早包裝企業(yè)上市成為可能,并因此造成企業(yè)未來成長性的顯著下降。 Finance, 2003, 27(10): 20152034.[15] 陳玉罡, 王蘇生. 創(chuàng)業(yè)投資IPO偏低定價(jià)與退出績效實(shí)證研究[N]. 證券市場導(dǎo)報(bào), 2007年10月.[16] Leland H E, Pyle D. Information Asymmetry, Financial structure, and Financial Intermediation[J]. Journal of Finance, 1977, 32(2): 371381.[17] 張煒, 謝吉華, 邢瀟. 中小科技企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)價(jià)值與成長績效關(guān)系實(shí)證研究[J]., 2007, 28(11): 171174.[18] 劉延明. 美、日、中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司支撐環(huán)境比較研究[D]. 吉林大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文, 2004.[19] Gompers P A. Grandstanding in the Venture Capital Industry[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 1996 42(1): 133156.[20] ZHANG Guangrong, ZENG Yong. CheckandBalance Ownership Structure, A Tradeoff between Fairness and Efficiency: Evidence from China’s Listed Companies[C]. 第四屆公司治理國際會(huì)議, 天津, 2007年11月34日.[21] 沈超紅, 羅亮. 創(chuàng)業(yè)成功關(guān)鍵因素與創(chuàng)業(yè)績效指標(biāo)研究[J]. 中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版), 2006, 12(2): 231235.Venture Capital, Ownership Structure andEntrepreneurial PerformanceHou Jianren, Li Qiang, Zeng Yong(School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China)Abstract: Based on the 450 entrepreneurial enterprises, the paper tests empirically the importance of the venture capital and the entrepreneurs, and the impacts of the characteristic of their participation on the entrepreneurial performance measured by the return on investment, the profitability and the growth rate, respectively. The regression results show that the return on investment and the profitability will deteriorate when the entrepreneurial firms are backed by venture capital, and the duration of venture investors’ participation in the firm will have a negative effect on firms’ return on investment and the profitability. However, giving the venture capital some control right by increasing their relative stakes, providing incentives to the entrepreneurs by increasing their holdings of stocks or as senior stockholders will be reasonable alternatives to improve the return on investment and the profitability. At the same time, it is worth noting that giving the venture capital control right will be harmful to firms’ growth performance significantly, and providing incentives to the entrepreneurs may fail when the entrepreneurial enterprises pursuit a good growth performance.Key Words: Entrepreneurial Enterprises, Venture Capital, Entrepreneurial Performance14 / 14
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