【正文】
(TPS)著重于數(shù)據(jù)管理,六七十年代的狹義的管理信息系統(tǒng)(MIS)著重于結(jié)構(gòu)化的信息處理,那么從七十年代人們提出決策支持系統(tǒng)以來,人們開始逐步探討計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)對(duì)于組織中各類知識(shí)與知識(shí)過程的探討。近年來一些“知識(shí)管理”軟件往往對(duì)這兩個(gè)方面都提供了一定的支持。然而,這一嘗試(及其他的一些相關(guān)的嘗試)是有參考價(jià)值的,利于人們從宏觀的角度來理解“知識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)”的具體研究與實(shí)踐。從企業(yè)的角度看,知識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)是相關(guān)的人員運(yùn)用各種方法與工具(管理方法、信息技術(shù)工具等)對(duì)企業(yè)的知識(shí)與知識(shí)過程進(jìn)行管理,以促進(jìn)企業(yè)知識(shí)的創(chuàng)新、存儲(chǔ)、共享與有效利用,提高企業(yè)創(chuàng)造與利用知識(shí)的能力,增進(jìn)企業(yè)的價(jià)值與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;知識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的系統(tǒng),相應(yīng)地,所管理的企業(yè)“知識(shí)系統(tǒng)”呈現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)的進(jìn)化過程。我們認(rèn)為,知識(shí)管理應(yīng)該是在對(duì)知識(shí)的管理的基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)企業(yè)的管理??梢詫⒅R(shí)過程粗略地分為:知識(shí)創(chuàng)造、知識(shí)組織/存儲(chǔ)、知識(shí)傳輸/共享以及知識(shí)運(yùn)用四個(gè)基本環(huán)節(jié),這樣知識(shí)管理(對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行的管理)的對(duì)象可由下圖示意:知識(shí)組織/存儲(chǔ)知識(shí)創(chuàng)造知識(shí)資源知識(shí)運(yùn)用知識(shí)傳輸/共享圖4 知識(shí)資源與知識(shí)過程當(dāng)前關(guān)于知識(shí)管理的主要工作,多是從信息技術(shù)和/或人文、社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)管理等不同角度圍繞知識(shí)資源以及知識(shí)過程的這些基本環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行的。根據(jù)本文作者對(duì)這一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的考察,一方面,知識(shí)管理正引起日益廣泛的關(guān)注,然而另一方面,相關(guān)的許多研究尚有待進(jìn)一步充實(shí),從不同角度進(jìn)行的不同研究更有必要進(jìn)一步相互結(jié)合。Heinemann, 199320 HJ. Warnecke, M. Huser. The Fractal Company: A Revolution in Corporate Culture. SpringerVerlag, 199221 J. B. Quinn. Intelligent Enterprises: A New Paradigm for a New Era. Free Press, 199222 G. Pinchot, and E. Pinchot. The End of Bureaucracy and the Rise of the Intelligent Organization. BerrettKoehler, 199323 . McMaster. The Intelligence Advantage: Organizing for Complexity. ButterworthHeinemann, 199524 . Savage. Fifth Generation Management: CoCreating through Virtual Enterprising, Dynamic Teaming, and Knowledge Networking. (revised edition) ButterworthHeinemann, 199625 I. Nonaka, and H. Takeuchi. The Knowledge Creating Organisation: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press, 199526 M. Polanyi. The Tacit Dimension. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 196627 I. Nonaka, and N. Konno. SECI, Ba and Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning, 2000, 33(1): 53428 JonArild Johannessen. J. Olaisen. amp。 C. V. Brown. Reassessing the enabling role of information technology in KM. Journal of Knowledge Management, 1997, 1(2), 14214833 王眾托. 從信息管理到知識(shí)管理:知識(shí)系統(tǒng)工程. 見王眾托主編. 信息化與管理變革,大連理工大學(xué)出版社,2000:449466Some Observations and Considerations on Knowledge ManagementXIA Haoxiang (Institute of Systems Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116023)Abstract A short retrospect is given in this article for the developments of knowledge management. Research activities are roughly classified according to the research backgrounds and the main object domain of study (knowledge resources versus knowledgerelated processes). On the basis of this overview, it is argued that ideas of systems engineering is worthy of consideration to develop this academic field, and therefore, the notion of knowledge systems engineering is suggested. Keywords Knowledge Management Knowledge Systems Engineering468 / 10