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【正文】 system. It should include the history and surface condition of the roadway, identify and evaluate culverts and bridges, note ditch conditions, shoulders, signs, and such structures as retaining walls and guardrails.Update your inventory each year or when you repair or change a road section. A formal pavement management system can help use these records and plan and budget road improvements.ResourcesThe Basics of a Good Road 17649, UWMadison, 15 min. videotape. Presents the Ten Commandments of a Good Road. Videotapes are loaned free through County Extension offices.Asphalt PASER Manual (39 pp), Concrete PASER Manual (48 pp), Gravel PASER Manual (32 pp). These booklets contain extensive photos and descriptions of road surfacesto help you understand types of distress conditions and their causes. A simple procedure for rating the condition helps you manage your pavements and plan repairs.Roadware, a puter program which stores and reports pavement condition information. Developed by the Transportation Information Center and enhanced by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, it uses the PASER rating system to provide fiveyear cost budgets and roadway repair/reconstruction priority lists.Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin factsheets, available from the Transportation Information Center (.).Road Drainage, No. 4. Describes drainage for roadways, shoulders, ditches, and culverts.Gravel Roads, No. 5. Discusses the characteristics of a gravel road and how to maintain one.Using Salt and Sand for Winter Road Maintenance, No. 6. Basic information and practical tips on how to use deicing chemicals and sand.Culverts—Proper Use and Installation, No. 15. Selecting and sizing culverts, designing, installing and maintaining them.Geotextiles in Road Construction/Maintenance andErosion Control, No. 16. Definitions and mon applications of geotextiles on roadways and for erosion control.. workshops are offered at locations around the state.Crossroads, an 8page quarterly newsletter published by the . carries helpful articles, workshop information, and resource lists. For more information on any of these materials, contact the . at 800/4424615.中文譯文一個良好的公路的基礎長久以來我們已經(jīng)掌握了如何鋪設好一條道路的方法，考古學家發(fā)現(xiàn)在4600年古埃及使用建造金字塔的石塊鋪設道路，后來， 羅馬人使用同樣的方法建立了一個龐大的道路系統(tǒng)，這種方法一直沿用到今天。過多的水積攢在道路的結構層內(nèi)，這樣會減弱結構層與基層的穩(wěn)定性，從而導致路基的破壞。邊緣的裂縫，熱脹冷縮，春季路面解凍的問題。轉移攔截溝渠，坐落在道路和路線較高的位置，從而使水能夠遠離道路。礫石表面的冠應該是1 / 2高”。處理—水溝，涵洞系統(tǒng)進行水離路面結構。溝渠也應受到保護不受侵蝕，種植草，或安裝巖石和其他水土保持措施。在春天，檢查并清除耕耘任何死去的植物材料，從秋天離開淤泥。為了使一個堅實的基礎，你可能需要用化學穩(wěn)定劑，穩(wěn)定路基，大石頭叫斷路器運行，或土工織物。他們也可能迫使你以取代道路過早。相比之下，像圓顆粒球軸承，在外力作用下的運動。這意味著更少的水可以進入的結構。好 瀝青路面壓實延長其壽命。農(nóng)村道路可能攜帶日志卡車，牛奶車，消防部門消防車卡車，或施工設備。這些僅僅是預測，在最好的，但他們將允許您計劃穿越道路交通負荷的生活。7． 準備工作做好才能鋪設這是沒有必要所有的道路鋪平立即。在您鋪平，請確保您有足夠的基礎，碎石排水良好， 適當壓縮。選擇一個改進技術，以解決問題。就像一個家庭需要油漆或一個新的屋頂，道路必須維持。知道了道路的建設，生活和修復歷史讓我們更容易的未來計劃和預算 維修。一個正式的路面管理系統(tǒng)可以幫助使用這些記錄，計劃和預算道路改善工程。免費租借錄像帶是通過縣推廣部門。Roadware，計算機存儲和報告方案，路面狀況的信息。 碎石路討論了礫石路面的特點和如何維護之一，包括利用冬季道路養(yǎng)護鹽和沙子及如何使用除冰化學品和沙子的實用技巧
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