【正文】
處理器,由 PLC 對數(shù)據(jù)進行運算,然后輸出驅(qū)動信號(如接觸器、電磁閥等等)來完成飲料罐裝生產(chǎn)過程的流水線操作。利用輔助繼電器對計數(shù)器進行正電平觸發(fā)來實現(xiàn)對所生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的計數(shù)。 E 1閥 門傳 送 帶驅(qū) 動 電 動 機 行 程 開 關(guān)光 電 傳 感 器大 瓶小 瓶 圖 21 生產(chǎn)流水線結(jié)構(gòu)圖 軟件方案設(shè)計 PLC 軟件方案設(shè)計的方法有經(jīng)驗設(shè)計法,邏輯設(shè)計法等。以下是經(jīng)驗設(shè)計方法的基本步驟 : 。 邏輯設(shè)計法 邏輯設(shè)計法的理論基礎(chǔ)是邏輯代數(shù)。具體步驟如下圖 31 所示 : 明 確 設(shè) 計 任 務(wù) 和 技 術(shù) 條 件修 改 軟 件 , 硬 件聯(lián) 機 調(diào) 試局 部 模 擬 運 行安 裝 P L C程 序 檢 查 調(diào) 試I / O 配 線編 制 程 序制 作 控 制 區(qū)系 統(tǒng) 總 體 設(shè) 計P L C 機 型 選 擇 是 否 滿 足 要 求 ?交 付 使 用整 理 系 統(tǒng) 文 件系 統(tǒng) 試 運 行程 序 備 份否是 圖 22PLC 邏輯設(shè) 計步驟圖 Equation Chapter (Next) Section 1 3 系統(tǒng)元件的選擇 5 3 系統(tǒng)元件的選擇 PLC 的選型 根據(jù)飲料罐裝自動生產(chǎn)線的工藝流程圖, PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的輸人信號有 9 個,且均為開關(guān)量。便于以后的修改和擴展。 咸寧學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 6 表 32 Y132M4 型電動機的性能參數(shù) 電流 電壓 堵轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)矩 最大轉(zhuǎn)矩 額定轉(zhuǎn)速 極數(shù) 頻率 額定功率 A 380V 1440 r/min 4 50 Hz 接觸器的選型 接觸器是一種用來接通或斷開帶負載的交直流主電路或大容量控制電路的自動化切換器,主要控制對象是電動機。常用的是 CJ0CJ1 CJ12B 等系列。 熱繼電器的選型 熱繼電器由兩部分組成,每一部分安裝的位置不同。熱繼電器是采用雙金屬熱元件,動作機構(gòu),常閉觸頭和常開觸頭,復(fù)位按鈕及整定電流調(diào)節(jié)旋鈕等構(gòu)成。 熔斷器 選用 RL115 型熔點器,熔體的額定電流為 30A。 表 33 PM2LF10 反射式光電傳感器的性能參數(shù) 性能 參數(shù) 檢測距離 ~ 8mm(中心: 5mm)白色無光澤紙 (1515mm) 最小檢測物體 φ 銅線 (設(shè)定距離: 5mm) 應(yīng)差 使用白色無光澤紙 (1515mm) 工作距離的 20%以下 重復(fù)精度 (垂直于檢測軸 ) 以下 電源電壓 5~ 24V DC177。 剩余電壓: 1V 以下 (流入電流為 100mA 時 ) 以下 (流入電流為 16mA 時 ) 短路保護 裝 備 反應(yīng)時間 以下 Equation Chapter (Next) Section 1 咸寧學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 8 4 系統(tǒng)的硬件電路實現(xiàn) 9 4 系統(tǒng)的硬件電路實現(xiàn) 系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 系統(tǒng)的硬件分為主電路、控制電路、輔助電路三大部分,控制電路控制主電路,輔助電電路起輔助信號顯示的作用,它們之間的關(guān)系如圖 41 所示: 控制電路主 電 路輔 助 電 路 圖 41 硬件電路關(guān)系圖 主電路的設(shè)計 傳送帶用電動機 M1 來運行,并用接觸器 KM1 來控制電 動機的運行與停止。 3M 1L NP L C2 2 0 V2 4 VQ F 1K M 1Q F 3Q F 2 圖 42 主控制電路圖 咸寧學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 10 控制電路的 設(shè)計 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的輸人信號有 9 個,且均為開關(guān)量。如圖 43 所示。顯示燈有大包、中包、小包和散裝的顯示燈 ,還有上電顯示和灌裝過程顯示。 當(dāng)瓶子定位在灌裝設(shè)備下時,停頓 1s,灌裝設(shè)備開始工作,灌裝過程為 小瓶裝 5s 鐘 ,大瓶裝8S 鐘 , 然后 均上蓋時間為 2 秒, 灌裝 和上蓋 過程應(yīng)有報警顯示, 上蓋過程 停止并不再顯示報警;報警方式為紅燈以 間隔閃爍 。系統(tǒng)過程 流程圖和順序功能圖分別如下圖 51 和圖 52 所示。 5 系統(tǒng)程序的設(shè)計 17 咸寧學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 18 閃爍報警程序 罐裝和上蓋過程中閃爍報警 記數(shù)程序 對于小瓶: 40 瓶為一大包, 30 瓶為一中包, 20 瓶為一小包;對于大瓶: 20 瓶為一大包, 15 瓶為一中包 10 瓶為一小包。 裝箱選擇程序的仿真 X4 X5 X6 X7 分別對應(yīng)大包 中包 小包和散裝的按鈕,選擇不同的按鈕按下,在控制面板上會顯示出相應(yīng)的包裝。 在灌裝加料和上蓋時按下停止按鈕,系統(tǒng)不會馬上停止工作,而是待灌裝和上蓋工作結(jié)束后,最終停止運轉(zhuǎn)。該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計包括硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計。但 對于大型的生產(chǎn)流水線來說,該系統(tǒng)就無法滿足其更加復(fù)雜、準(zhǔn)確、智能的控制要求。 咸寧學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 26 致 謝 首先感謝咸寧學(xué)院四年來對我的精心培養(yǎng),這四年是我的一段比較快樂的時光,也是人生中一段寶貴的經(jīng)歷 。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, 西安交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 128 these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can39。s time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a selfrighteous spiritual. 一個人的時候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑,或者說,是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。 Have declared the end of the encounter that haven39。 instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us. 生活發(fā)生不幸時,我們常常會關(guān)上心門;世界不僅沒能慰藉我們,反倒使我們更加消沉。 Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion that’s fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us. 當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時,別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦,試著擁抱它吧;當(dāng)悲傷來襲時,試著深呼吸,然后直面它。其實,我們有能力面對這些痛苦的感受,從中領(lǐng)悟到出路。與其一味顧慮重重,不如從局外人的角度看待決策之事。t. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). cause there