【正文】
syste?ms pe? ting in the next centu?ry. IEs shoul?d play a cruci?al role in prepa?ring an?izati?ons for the 21st centu?ry throu?gh their? roles? as chang?e initi?ators? and facil?itato?rs. Impro? vemen?ts are neede? d in IE under? gradu?ate educa?tion if that role is to be succe?ssful?ly carri?ed out. 21 世紀來 ?臨在即 , 全世界的戰(zhàn) ?略家們把 2?000 年作 ?為商業(yè)活動 ?的焦點 。 工業(yè)工程師 ?為 21 世紀 ?在正在準備 ?的組織工程 ?中扮演了一 ?個至關重要 ?的角色 , 他們的角色 ?是作為創(chuàng)始 ?者和促進者 ?。 為了促進這 ?個轉變 , 在教育策略 ?方面作以緊 ?迫改進是必 ?須的 。 遺憾的是 , 很多這樣的 ?詞匯僅僅是 ?口號,而 沒有以可 ?行的實踐為 ?基礎 , 工業(yè)工程應 ?該率先改革 ?其自身專業(yè) ?, 這樣就有助 ?于產生出可 ?以運用在其 ?他學科的可 ?行性的實踐 ?模式 , 很多教育學 ?家和管理者 ?正在尋求能 ?把理論和標 ?語運用于實 ?際的辦法 , 經由工業(yè)工 ?程師發(fā)展的 ?模式將會提 ?供答案. Quali?ty in IE educa?tion Incor? porat?ion quali? ty conce?pts into educa? tion is a goal that shoul? d be pursu? ed at natio? nal, state?, local? and insti? tutio?n level?s. Exist? ing model? s of total? quali?ty manag? ement? (TQM) and conti? nuous? proce?ss impro?vemen?t (CPI) can be adopt? ed for curri?culum? impro?vemen?t. Howev?er, becau?se of the uniqu? e natur?e of acade? mia. redefin?ition? of TQM will be neces?sary so that the appro?ach will be pa?tible? with the acade?mic proce?ss. For examp?le, in indus?try, the idea of zero defec?ts makes? sense?. But in acade? mia, we canno? t procl? aim zero defec? ts in our gradu? ates since? their? succe?ss on the job canno? t be guara?nteed?. No?heles?s, the basic? conce?pts of impro?ving produ? ct quali?ty are appli?cable? to impro?ving any educa?tion proce?ss. Clyne?s, while? refle?ction? on discu?ssion?s he parti?cipat?ed in at a Natio?nal Resea?rch Counc?il collo?quium? on engin? eerin?g educa?tion, said Teach? ing quali? ty, like a pa? ny’ s custo?mer servi? ce, can never? be too good and alway? s needs? atten?tion for impro? vemen?t. This is true. A caref?ul revie?w of IE curri?culum? will revea?l areas? for impro?vemen?t. This will help avoid? stale? curri?cula that may not meet the curre?nt needs? of the socie?ty. 工業(yè)工程教 ?育的質量 將質量理念 ?融入到教育 ?之中是民族 ?, 國家 , 地區(qū)甚至是 ?協會標準的 ?追求目標 , 現有的全面 ?質量管理和 ?持續(xù)程序改 ?進模式可以 ?納入課程改 ?革 。 Clyne?s在參加國 ?家工程教育 ?學術討論會 ?時 ,經仔細考慮 ?說 , “ 教育本質就 ?像公司對消 ?費者的服務 ?一樣, 不可能達到 ?最好 , 需要不斷的 ?改進 。 l Water? ed down conte? nts of under? gradu?ate cours?es in the attem? pt to achie?ve reten?tion goals?。 Prits?ker認為 ?教授們必須 ?把科研興趣 ?和教學責任 ?心相結合起 ?來。 l 消減本科學 ?生的課程內 ?容以圖達到 ?既定的目標 ?。 學生們必須 ?了解他們周 ?圍世界是怎 ?樣的 , 并且有能力 ?成為一個對 ?社會有貢獻 ?的人 。 Role of the IE Enhan? ced IE educa? tion will prepa? re stude?nts to lead effor? ts to integ? rate entit?ies in manuf? actur?ing and servi?ce an?izati?on of the 21st centu?ry. The IE profe?ssion?, as a whole?, faces? an impor?tant chall? enge in educa? ting futur?e IEs for this leade?rship? role. The curre?nt IE curri?culum? provi?des good expos?ure to its many uniqu?e facet?s. Indiv?idual? cours?es at both under?gradu?ate and gradu?ate level? s in many insti?tutio?ns are pr?ehens? ive. Yet there? are some funda?menta?l defic?ienci?es as discu?ssed below?. 工業(yè)工程的 ?角色 日益提高的 ?工業(yè)工程教 ?育將為學生 ?準備好為 2?1世紀制造 ?業(yè)和服務業(yè) ?集成實體而 ?努力。 但是還有一 ?些根本的不 ?足之處有待 ? 于討論。 IE is quick?ly losin?g its ident?ity as a value?addin?g profe?ssion?. The basic? cause? of this probl? em is that many IEs gradu? ate witho?ut resol? ving the quest?ion of ident? ity relat?ed to the follo?wing quest?ions: IE 師與其 ?他領域的工 ?程師的區(qū)別 ?是什么 ? 在理論界 , 價值的評估 ?是通過發(fā)表 ?成果的數量 ?和獲得研究 ?經費的數目 ?來實現的 。 In the attem? pt to prepa?re stude? nts for gradu?ate level? educa?tion, the acade?mic curri?culum? often? has a stron? g mathe?matic? orien?tatio? n. Thoug?h a requi?red appro? ach, it devel? ops a very struc?tured? appro? ach to probl?em solvi?ng among? stude?nts. Conse?quent?ly, stude?nts expec?t all probl?ems to have welldefin?ed input?s, proce?ssing? modul?es and outpu? ts. Thus, when faced? with pl? ex, illdefin? ed, and unstr? uctur? ed probl?ems that are mo? n in the real world? , many new gradu? ates perfo? rm poorl? y. Chism?an point? s out that the bulk of teach? ing shoul? d be done for under? gradu?ate stude?nts since? over 85 perce?nt of them go into indus?try, not on to gradu?ate schoo?l. Unfor?tunat?ely, attem? pts to impro?ve curri?culum? is often? silte?d in favor? of resea?rchorien?ted educa?tion, there?by depri?ving the major?ity of the stude?nts of the skill?s they need to survi?ve in the busin?ess world?. 對為研究生 ?水平做準備 ? 的 學生來說 ?, 學術課程通 ?常帶有強烈 ?的數學的傾 ?向性 。 Chism? an 指出,由于超過 8? 5%的畢業(yè)生進 ?入企業(yè)而不 ?是他們畢業(yè) ?的學校 , 大部分的教 ?學應該針對 ?這些本科學 ?生進行 。 因此 , 這就使得他 ?們解決問題 ?的方法是短 ?期的 , 不切實際的 ?或不充分的 ?。 許多新的畢 ?業(yè)生要花費 ?很長時 間才 ?能變得善于 ?提出運用綜 ?合方法的發(fā) ?展性的解決 ?方案。 事實上 , “ 一致性 ” 恰好是目前 ?工業(yè)工程領 ?域所面臨的 ?眾多挑戰(zhàn)性 ?問題之一。 公司開始重 ?新組合團隊 ?結構 ; 工業(yè)工程部 ?被逐漸被取 ?消或者重新 ?命名 ; 而且大學和 ?學院也承擔 ?著向工業(yè)界 ?提供被更好 ?的培訓而掌 ?握了更廣泛 ?工作能力的 ?畢業(yè)生的壓 ?力。 The name game 命名問題 What probl? ems could? possi?bly throw? a shado?w on such a brigh?t array? of oppor?tunit?ies? For start?ers, as new oppor?tunit?ies have devel?oped for the IE, new quest?ions have forme? d about? what types? of jobs the indus?trial? engin?eer is quali?fied to perfo?rm. 什么問題可 ?能會在如此 ?明亮的機會 ?陣列上投下 ?陰影呢 ? 對于初學者 ?來說 , 隨著工業(yè)工 ?程新的機遇 ?的產生 , 諸如工業(yè)工 ?程師到底能 ?勝任什么樣 ?的工作問題 ?也隨之產 At one time, it was easie? r to defin? e what an IE did .” Indus?trial? engin?eerin?g was simpl? e in those? days when we dealt? with metho?ds, work stand?ards and work simpl?ifica?tion,” says Carlo?s Cheru?bin, direc? tor of engin? eerin?g for The Limit? ed Co. “ But there? has to be some way to get past the old indus?trial? engin?eerin?g defin?ition?.” 曾經 , 定義工業(yè)工 ? 程是 很 容易 ?的 ?!鞍K孤?.柯達公司的 ?人力資源部 ?經理約翰帕 ?娃說 : “ 最大的變化 ?就是工業(yè)工 ?程領域的商 ?業(yè)化使它們 ?成為具有競 ?爭性的舒適 ?職業(yè) 。 ” 例如 , 諾龍博格博 ?士說他公司 ?有一個由 4? 0到 50個 ?人組成的專 ?門從事計算 ?機尖端技術 ?的研究小組 ?, 這些人曾被 ?稱做工業(yè)工?程師 , 但是 , 即使他們沒 ?被予以這種 ?頭銜 , 他們所做的 ?還是工業(yè)工 ?程的工作可 ?以被稱做工 ?業(yè)工程 , 這取決于你 ?如何組織這 ?個團隊。 從前的工業(yè) ?工程部已經 ?被分解或者 ?重新命名 。 而且她的部 ?門也要命名 ?為績效改善 ?工