【正文】
調(diào)內(nèi)在品德修養(yǎng),更強(qiáng)調(diào)“互利”和“雙贏”,即在追求自身利益的同時(shí) 要顧及他人和社會(huì)的利益,這是誠(chéng)信的核心問(wèn)題。例如 一些會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所誠(chéng)信度高,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力就強(qiáng),并以此獲得了較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。二.影響會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德的因素會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是財(cái)經(jīng)法規(guī)、財(cái)會(huì)制度所不能替代的。在現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中,一些會(huì)計(jì)人員為了滿足個(gè)人私欲,不顧職業(yè)操守,利用專業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì),鋌而走險(xiǎn),大肆造假。不少會(huì)計(jì)人員缺乏職業(yè)理想和敬業(yè)精神,總認(rèn)為自己平時(shí)工作忙,事情多,不關(guān)注、不學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)計(jì)法規(guī),更談不上遵紀(jì)守法,依法辦事了。如單位內(nèi)部審計(jì)作為國(guó)家監(jiān)督體系的組成部分之一,代表著國(guó)家利益對(duì)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的監(jiān)督和控制,保證國(guó)家財(cái)經(jīng)法規(guī)的貫徹執(zhí)行,但這種內(nèi)部審計(jì)在有些單位完全是形式,基本上起不到監(jiān)督的作用。我國(guó)1000多萬(wàn)財(cái)務(wù)人員中,中高級(jí)職稱人員占20%,其余大部分都為初級(jí)職稱人員,知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、學(xué)歷水平和業(yè)務(wù)水平偏低。實(shí)踐中由于會(huì)計(jì)人員業(yè)務(wù)不熟,而出現(xiàn)會(huì)計(jì)信息失真的情況也不少見(jiàn)。據(jù)調(diào)查顯示,目前有11%的在職會(huì)計(jì)人員認(rèn)為不存在會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德規(guī)范,它僅僅存在于人們的信念中而已,另有20%的在職會(huì)計(jì)人員雖然認(rèn)為存在會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德,但不知道是在哪里規(guī)定的。 雖然《會(huì)計(jì)法》、《企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告條例》等法律法規(guī)對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)人員違法責(zé)任進(jìn)行了詳盡地規(guī)范,如《會(huì)計(jì)法》的第42條至第49條專門規(guī)范了違反會(huì)計(jì)法的法律責(zé)任,但這些懲罰相對(duì)于進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)造假獲得的巨額利潤(rùn)來(lái)說(shuō),根本無(wú)法配比。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象的復(fù)雜性,會(huì)計(jì)制度不可能規(guī)范所有會(huì)計(jì)活動(dòng),會(huì)計(jì)制度還存在著規(guī)范不完整,不系統(tǒng)等不足;二是會(huì)計(jì)制度沒(méi)有得到有效執(zhí)行。受單位負(fù)責(zé)人的不良道德影響。單位負(fù)責(zé)人為了達(dá)到一些經(jīng)濟(jì)利益往往會(huì)向會(huì)計(jì)人員施壓,致使會(huì)計(jì)人員違背現(xiàn)有會(huì)計(jì)法規(guī),在會(huì)計(jì)工作中弄虛作假。三.加強(qiáng)會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德建設(shè)的措施(一)提高會(huì)計(jì)人員素質(zhì)在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展、信息千變?nèi)f化的時(shí)代,會(huì)計(jì)工作人員的知識(shí)需要及時(shí)更新,工作能力需要不斷提高,以適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求。同時(shí),會(huì)計(jì)人員更要加強(qiáng)個(gè)人道德修養(yǎng)。因此,會(huì)計(jì)人員通過(guò)提高自身修養(yǎng),樹(shù)立高度的責(zé)任感和使命感,可以養(yǎng)成良好的工作作風(fēng),嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓ぷ鲬B(tài)度,嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范辦事,愛(ài)崗敬業(yè)、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn),自覺(jué)抵制各種不良思想的侵蝕和誘惑。最后,要發(fā)揮社會(huì)輿論的監(jiān)督教育作用,加強(qiáng)媒體宣傳教育力度,廣泛宣傳“誠(chéng)信”思想,披露失信違法典型,使全社會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到“誠(chéng)信”的重要性,樹(shù)立“誠(chéng)信光榮、失信可恥”的觀念,營(yíng)造尊崇誠(chéng)信的良好社會(huì)環(huán)境。有些情況下違反會(huì)計(jì)法規(guī),常常就只是批評(píng),下不為例了之,或者是罰款了之,懲罰力度不大,對(duì)他們自身沒(méi)有影響,還是一如既往地制造虛假會(huì)計(jì)信息。(五)完善內(nèi)部監(jiān)督體系首先要建立和健全內(nèi)部監(jiān)控制度,把住會(huì)計(jì)信息失真的第一關(guān)。不但要提高審計(jì)的獨(dú)立性,對(duì)任何單位或個(gè)人無(wú)論以何種方式干預(yù)注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師進(jìn)行獨(dú)立審計(jì)的行為,都要依法追究其法律責(zé)任。建立會(huì)計(jì)倫理準(zhǔn)則形成企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)行為由外部法規(guī)約束和內(nèi)部道德引導(dǎo)的雙重制約,使會(huì)計(jì)人員的行為合理化。要激發(fā)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)追求長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益,而不是看重眼前利益。在企業(yè)的代理關(guān)系中,向委托人報(bào)告受托經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任的履行情況的是直接受雇于代理人的會(huì)計(jì)人員,而委托人、代理人以及會(huì)計(jì)人員之間有著不同的利益傾向。《會(huì)計(jì)法》規(guī)定單位負(fù)責(zé)人承擔(dān)單位的會(huì)計(jì)責(zé)任,但單位負(fù)責(zé)人不懂會(huì)計(jì)的情況依然存在,為進(jìn)一步統(tǒng)一思想認(rèn)識(shí),轉(zhuǎn)變一些單位負(fù)責(zé)人的錯(cuò)誤觀念,應(yīng)該對(duì)單位負(fù)責(zé)人的會(huì)計(jì)知識(shí)(包括會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德)做出最低的要求,在有關(guān)規(guī)范中實(shí)行資格認(rèn)定制度,要求單位負(fù)責(zé)人雖然無(wú)需掌握具體的會(huì)計(jì)處理技術(shù),但基本的會(huì)計(jì)原理應(yīng)成為單位負(fù)責(zé)人必備的知識(shí)之一。通過(guò)社會(huì)各方面的變革與協(xié)調(diào),全社會(huì)共同重視道德修養(yǎng)、提高道德思想,從而營(yíng)造出建設(shè)會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)道德的和諧環(huán)境。A boxer that only has front legs refuses to let his disability hold him back as he charges across a beach with his fourlegged ,他同其他四條腿的伙伴們一同在海灘上盡情狂奔。He was born with deformed back legs, which were later removed to make the dog more fortable. Duncan出生時(shí),它的后肢就是畸形的,此后為了讓他舒服些,只能進(jìn)行截肢。We let him be free and just walk on his two legs. There is some slow motion in this video, but none of the video has been sped up, this gives you an idea of how fast Duncan really it,39。The thrill of running through the surf was clear to see, as Duncan raced people and dogs across the sand, with his tail wagging excitedly. Duncan踏著浪花,在沙灘上同其他人及狗賽跑,還興奮地?fù)u著尾巴,他的喜悅之情顯而易見(jiàn)。, adding on charity39。主人們用“騎兵”一詞來(lái)形容Duncan,他們?cè)诮M織的Facebook中寫(xiě)道:“他很快樂(lè),也很健康;而且在他自己看來(lái),他是條正常的狗。s OK. He and we have just adapted.39。m fortunate to have realised those this day, one of my proudest achievements is captaining my country. I knew every time I wore the Three Lions shirt, I was not only following in a long line of great players, I was also representing every fan that cared passionately about their country. I am honoured to represent England both on and off the wouldn39。m starting a new adventure and I