【正文】 生了急劇的變化 ,既要經(jīng)受疾病的折磨 ,又要適應(yīng)門診或住院的環(huán)境及新的群體 ,會(huì)產(chǎn)生病人特有的心理需求和反應(yīng) (如同情、鼓舞、安慰、信心、 心理舒適、平靜和安全感等 ) 。③通過心理護(hù)理 ,護(hù)理人員要盡可能為病人創(chuàng)造有利于治療和康復(fù)的最佳心身狀態(tài)。在交往中雙方要互相尊重，護(hù)理人員應(yīng)起主導(dǎo)作用。為此，護(hù)理人員在與病人交往中，要善于觀察、交談、啟發(fā)病人自述，必要時(shí)還可以使用心理測(cè)驗(yàn)等手段，及時(shí)掌握病人的病情和心理狀態(tài)。 ⑴軀體功能：評(píng)估個(gè)體的生命體征、水電解質(zhì)平衡、睡眠、排泄、進(jìn)食等軀體健康水平 。 截止到 2022年，北美護(hù)理診斷協(xié)會(huì)已制訂了 155項(xiàng)護(hù)理診斷，其中約三分之二的護(hù)理診斷描述的是心理、社會(huì)方面的健康問題。調(diào)節(jié)障礙是指?jìng)€(gè)體處于不能改善和調(diào)整其生活方式或行為，以使其適應(yīng)健康狀況變化的狀態(tài)。 （ 4）自我形象紊亂。 （ 6）預(yù)感性悲哀。 （ 8）焦慮。 心理護(hù)理計(jì)劃 (一 )確定目標(biāo) 目標(biāo)確定的根據(jù)是心理護(hù)理診斷。主要措施有以下幾個(gè)方面： 1．支持性心理治療 : 它具有支持和加 強(qiáng)病人心理防御功能的特點(diǎn)，能使病人增強(qiáng)安全感，減少焦慮和不安。 心理護(hù)理實(shí)施 心理護(hù)理措施的實(shí)施即按護(hù)理計(jì)劃執(zhí)行，以達(dá)到解決病人心理問 題的目的。 只有對(duì)病人尊重， 才能取得病人的信任和配合，達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。 4．創(chuàng)造優(yōu)美舒適的環(huán)境 。 5．充分發(fā)揮病人的主觀能動(dòng)性在心理護(hù)理實(shí)施的過程中，護(hù)士要充分調(diào)動(dòng)病人的主觀能動(dòng)性，鼓勵(lì)病人主動(dòng)參與，防止病人過于依賴醫(yī)護(hù)人員。在進(jìn)行心理護(hù)理時(shí)，要對(duì)良好的情緒交流加以鼓勵(lì)。 因?yàn)榱炕?、客觀的指標(biāo)不多，需護(hù)士與病人進(jìn)行耐心細(xì)致的交談，周密的觀察，必病人心理護(hù)理的研究 7 7 要時(shí)要使用一些心理測(cè)量的量表。 妨礙目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的因素有很多，病人方面主要有不合作，體力上的或認(rèn)識(shí)上的不足；護(hù)士方面有知識(shí)或技能方面的不足；客觀方面有護(hù)理人員不足等。著名醫(yī)史學(xué)家西格 里斯 曾經(jīng)說過： “ 每一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)行動(dòng)始終涉及兩類當(dāng)事人： 醫(yī)師 和 病員 ，或者更廣泛地說，醫(yī)學(xué)團(tuán)體和社會(huì)，醫(yī)學(xué)無非是這兩群人之間多方面的關(guān)系 ” 。醫(yī)師的意見受到尊重，但病員可有疑問和尋求解釋。 醫(yī)患關(guān)系的重要性大體有以下兩點(diǎn)： 第一，良好的醫(yī)患關(guān)系是醫(yī)療活動(dòng)順利開展的必要基礎(chǔ)。 對(duì)于患者來說，不僅可消除疾病所造成的心理應(yīng)激，而且可以從良好的情緒反應(yīng)所致的軀體效應(yīng)中獲益。只 有全面地認(rèn)識(shí)疾病和病人，并以此為依據(jù)進(jìn)行全面恰當(dāng)?shù)淖o(hù)理，才能使病人感到生理上舒適、心理上舒暢，從而大大提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量。 隨著醫(yī)學(xué)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變以及責(zé)任制護(hù)理一整體護(hù)理的逐步實(shí)施 ,以整體的觀念來認(rèn)識(shí)人與健康、疾病的關(guān)系的臨床心理護(hù)理在我得到日益普及、深入。s digitized society, will also be attached on the report.Myopia is not only a disease that makes people see things blurrily, but also leads to severeplications, such as glaua (increased pressure within the eyeball), and can causeblindness, said Zhou Yuehua, an established eye care specialist with Beijing TongrenHospital.It is very important for parents and children to know about the risk and care for their eyes.There are about 450 million myopia patients in China. Among Chinese myopia patients,30million are severe patients, according to ZhouThe prevalence of myopia among high school and college students is more than 70 percent,and the situation is continuously worsening, he Zhu, director with the China Youth Development Service Center, said long hours ofstudy, lack of exercise, especially outdoor activities, and attachment to electronic screen aresome of the top reasons behind the widespread myopia problems, and the increase ofyounger patients, although China has made great progress in improving the hardwarefacilities and lighting conditions in said he hopes the survey will alert people on the threatening situation, and also helpmedical experts to better guideline parents and children39。ll hold off jogging for a while. But if I really want to get away from work, I39。t conducive to raising a child. She planned to have children once she had achieved career success so she could provide a stable environment for her baby. After 10 years, Xiao felt the time was right, and she tried to conceive for about six months, but was unable to bee pregnant. I conducted prehensive physical checkups. The results suggested that Xiao39。s Guangzhou city anized the Chengdu festival. A terrifying wooden bridge in China has just been replaced by a glass one. This, the world’s longest glassbottomed walkway, is located in Shiniuzhai Geopark in Hunan, and spans 300m (984f) and is 180m (590f) above ground. The floor is made of doublelayered glass that is 24mm (), and is reportedly 25 times stronger than regular window glass. The bridge had previously been made of wood, linking the two peaks of Stone Buddha Mountain, but 11 engineers working 12 hours a day converted it to glass. Previously, you were considered brave if you steeled yourself to cross the wooden walkway。s most popular dishes are his brainchild. Lin says his secret of success is innovation rooted in experience: He spends months every year traveling and eating worldwide, seeking new ingredients and inspirations that could improve the offerings of Blue Frog restaurants. The restaurant chain regularly launches a new seasonal menu, usually featuring eight new dishes with fresh ingredients. The bestselling seasonal dishes later replace the least popular items on the regular menu, which is usually updated in late fall and boasts a selection of about 40 dishes. Food should have no boundaries, Lin says. As long as the food tastes good and is healthy, it doesn39。s juicy, tender texture and its delicious beef flavor. Matching that Sichuan flavor with cheese created a new taste experience.