外文翻譯---一個(gè)審查和評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)的旅游質(zhì)量保證體系的指導(dǎo)-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 s, although the latter is closely related to licensing and serves as the preparation stage for it. Tour guides in China must secure a license before they can work legally in the profession, and it has considerable potential as a mechanism for quality assurance. According to the Administrative Regulations on Tour Guides, individuals who have obtained tour guide quali?cation certi?cate can apply for a tour guide license to provinciallevel tourism administrations after registering themselves with a tour guiding services pany or signing an employment contract with a travel agency. This employment contract with a travel agency, however, is only a legal requirement, as many do not pay a base salary or a bonus to their guides. Instead, as a mon industry practice, the tour guide pays his/her affiliated travel agency a certain amount of money for each group to which he/she is assigned to provide a tour guiding service. This money is usually referred as a “headfee” in the industry’s jargon. Rather than earning a salary or wage, it is assumed that the tour guide will earn her/his ine by shopping missions and tips, which is quite generous from some tour groups, enough to cover the headfee and still earn a good living. A travel agency treats such assigning of a tour group to a tour guide as a benevolent act to her/him. Thus, the relationship between the tour guide and the travel agency resembles businesstobusiness transaction rather than that of an employment contract between an employer and an employee. Tour guide training Tour guide training is the element of China’s tour guiding system that is perhaps the least exploited and presents the greatest potential for quality assurance. From an institutional perspective, there are tour guides training organizations throughout the country. CNTA has a dedicated division of education and training which regards tour guide training as one of its most prominent responsibilities. At provincial and city levels, most tourism administrations have an industry training centre affiliated with them. These training centers play a major role in many kinds of local tour guide training programmes. Many universities with tourism programmes also receive contracted tour guide training from local tourism authorities or organize independent training courses, mostly targeting prequali?cation examination 5 training. A number of private pro?tmaking training schools also undertake prequali?cation examination training as their core business. Tour guide training is usually delivered at three levels. At the top level, CNTA formulates training policies and plans。 中國(guó)的導(dǎo)游質(zhì)量保證和監(jiān)管機(jī)制包括資格審查 、 許可 、 專業(yè)認(rèn)證 、 培訓(xùn) 、 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)卓越， 還包括 審查專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)和行為準(zhǔn)則 。 關(guān)鍵詞 :導(dǎo)游，質(zhì)量保證，持續(xù)發(fā)展，認(rèn)證，中國(guó) 可持續(xù)性和質(zhì)量保證適用于旅游引導(dǎo) 由于民族政府已明確地扮演著培養(yǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展這個(gè)重要的角色 , 到目前為止 ,只有專門(mén)的、數(shù)量有限的國(guó)家的可持續(xù)旅游計(jì)劃或政策已到位。 盡管導(dǎo)游和口譯被證明是可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)的重要活動(dòng)，很少有研究指示用來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)和控制旅游的質(zhì)量指 導(dǎo)以及促進(jìn)可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)的影響機(jī)制。與 本文最相關(guān)的是布萊克和韋勒的文章（ 2020 年），他們?cè)诖_定什么是“質(zhì)量”導(dǎo)游的基礎(chǔ)上首先提出了他們的分析研究。同時(shí)培養(yǎng)和許可可以是強(qiáng)制性的。專業(yè)認(rèn)證有時(shí)是用在一個(gè)需要更獨(dú)立和更廣泛的認(rèn)同和自覺(jué)遵守最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的地方。 提高質(zhì)量的指 導(dǎo)意義的認(rèn)識(shí)。該政策過(guò)渡和周期性變化可以較好地反映廣大華人社會(huì)的迅速變化，或更具體地提到了旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。然而 ,就像下面將討論的，一些在中國(guó)已經(jīng)是可能的情況可是在政府能力較弱或傾向于控制和規(guī)范行業(yè)的民主國(guó)家是不可能的。與旅行社簽訂勞動(dòng)合同這只是一項(xiàng)法律規(guī)定，因?yàn)樵S多旅行社不支付基本工資或獎(jiǎng)金給他們的向?qū)?。旅行社把分配旅行團(tuán)給導(dǎo)游視為對(duì)她 /他的一種仁慈。國(guó)家旅游局有一個(gè)專門(mén)的關(guān)于教育和培訓(xùn)方面的分工，其最突出的職責(zé)之一即是導(dǎo)游的培訓(xùn)。 大量私人牟利的培訓(xùn)學(xué)校也以資格預(yù)審作為其核心業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行考試培訓(xùn)。大多數(shù)導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)是通過(guò)省級(jí)或市級(jí)旅游行政管理部門(mén)所屬培訓(xùn)中心完成的。在公司層面上，國(guó)家旅游局堅(jiān)決主張所有旅游企業(yè)對(duì)聘用的導(dǎo)游進(jìn)行在職培訓(xùn)和導(dǎo)游淡季訓(xùn)練。 結(jié)論 10 中國(guó)的質(zhì)量保證體系的各種元素的導(dǎo)游考試 ，在促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜螛I(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與引導(dǎo)旅游作用方面影響很大，兩者特異性和可能的用途顯露出它的強(qiáng)處和弱點(diǎn)。這些過(guò)程，伴隨著中國(guó)國(guó)家級(jí)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度的優(yōu)秀導(dǎo)游和模型的產(chǎn)生，促進(jìn)了中國(guó)旅游信譽(yù)指導(dǎo)，并對(duì) 導(dǎo)游的重要性表示了肯定。 因此，在中國(guó)不僅僅存在一個(gè)非法元素指導(dǎo)旅游。 這涉及到系統(tǒng)的第二個(gè)弱點(diǎn)：它的內(nèi)容主要是行政和直觀地
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