【正文】 ty automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient. The main force who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure stretches the top cutover water box , sets up and one exhalent siphon from the water box. Owe a scheme the volume having diminished a water box, and make water not need to enter a water box staying this one step , hygiene reliability increase by. The problem is (that the municipal administration now pipe work can acplish) but if longtime stabilivolt supplies water , the water sojourn time in water box is on the contrary greatly increase by , easier to be contaminated. And, the water box all must readjust oneself to a certain extent in the building in all usage water boxes system most higher place, attractive looks being able to affect a building in some occasion , the physical design building even. 4) Pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor , reason why use the jar sealing off reliable pressure to replace, and the pressure jar does not need, high position lay down, attractive looks and structure not affecting a building bearing , go down well very much over the past few years. Pressure jar system requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but , feasible cost increases by to some extent. However, in the late years whose market price already lets many consumers be able to pressure jar principle is to make use of a water pump water pression to be sent to receive the pipe work building the inside , thinks that water enters the pressure jar , reaches certain pressure time , water pump motor stoppage or reduces the speed when pressure is too big,While pressure is smaller than regulation value, the pressure jar conveys water to the outside and starts the water pump or acceleration at the same time (frequency conversion water pump). 5) Two time of pression types can make do for to smallscale consumer ,if the building , the pressure jar are only systematic. The direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but, shows for the cluster arrangement that multilayer builds , concentrates stabilivolt mainly. The ability can not satisfy a request with pressure jar volume , the water pump concentrates pression therefore having appeared give first place to, pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the system water hammer) is subsidiary way. Economy cost rises only , also needs the speciallyassigned person upkeep. Besides, pipe work system belongs to low pressure since tier of numbers are not many, pipeline, the direct cutover without exception with layers consumer is be OK , paratively simple. The steel tube prepares pipeline material with low pressure low pressure PPR silent stock tube give first place to. 外文資料翻譯譯文 醫(yī)院建筑給水排水 隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展 ,新技術(shù)、新醫(yī)療設(shè)備層出不窮 ,從而與之相符的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)療建筑 ———醫(yī) 院 ,也面臨著新的設(shè)計(jì)理念和新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用。下面根據(jù)醫(yī)院建筑中有關(guān)給水、排水各系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ,從社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展和超前的理念方面談幾點(diǎn)體會(huì) 一 醫(yī)院給排水系統(tǒng) 1) 現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院的設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)內(nèi)容繁多 ,功能特殊 ,要求很高。 3) 醫(yī)院制劑室的制劑用水采用蒸餾水 ,并在制蒸餾水系統(tǒng)中設(shè)有局部增壓設(shè)施。大部分醫(yī)院根據(jù)目前的財(cái)力 ,病房樓的熱水供應(yīng)基本為定時(shí) ,而從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度來(lái)看 ,應(yīng)該是 24 h 供應(yīng)熱水。一是便于護(hù)工管理 。手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房手術(shù)等洗手應(yīng)采用恒溫混水閥 ,恒溫出水 ,以紅外線感應(yīng)電磁閥控制方式為好。 9) 由于現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院不僅要滿足使用功能需要 ,同時(shí)還要考慮室內(nèi)外環(huán)境美觀。另外 ,隨著醫(yī)院建筑中設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)增多 ,管道的數(shù)量大大增加 ,合理、綜合布置各系統(tǒng)在平面吊頂內(nèi)的管道則能降低建筑層高 ,減少投資。 10) 熱交換器形式的選擇。主要是因?yàn)樵?30 ℃ ～ 55 ℃ 水中最容易繁殖軍團(tuán)菌 ,為此世界衛(wèi)生組織 (WHO) 推薦 :“熱水應(yīng)在 60 ℃ 以上儲(chǔ)存 ,并至少在 50 ℃ 以上循環(huán)。因?yàn)樽≡旱氖怯胁〉娜跽?,如在醫(yī)院內(nèi)發(fā)生軍團(tuán)菌則不利于病員治療與康復(fù) ,醫(yī)院責(zé)任重大。 二 多層給水系統(tǒng) 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)大多數(shù)城市的市政管網(wǎng)壓力可以維持在 2 公斤以上，個(gè)別小城鎮(zhèn)的出水壓力甚至可以達(dá)到 4 公斤。缺點(diǎn)就是水量、水壓不能保證。 3）水箱、 管網(wǎng)聯(lián)合型 平時(shí)水量水壓足夠時(shí)，直接由市政網(wǎng)供水，超壓時(shí)，多余水進(jìn)入屋頂水箱，當(dāng)壓力或水量不足時(shí)，水箱靠重力自動(dòng)向用戶供水。而且，所有使用水箱的系統(tǒng)中水箱都必須放在建筑的最高處，在某些場(chǎng)合會(huì)影響建筑的美觀，甚至建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。氣壓罐系統(tǒng)的原理就是利用水泵將水加壓送進(jìn)建筑內(nèi)部管網(wǎng)，當(dāng)壓力過(guò)大時(shí)，水進(jìn)入氣壓罐，達(dá)到一定壓力時(shí)，水泵停車或減速；當(dāng)壓力小于規(guī)定值時(shí)，氣壓罐向外輸水并同時(shí)啟動(dòng)水泵或加速（變頻水泵）。只是經(jīng)濟(jì)成本上升，也需要專人維護(hù)