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e as tC an c e rA M I S e v e r eS e p s i sMortality Deaths/Year Mortality of Severe Sepsis by Age in the United States Angus DC, et al. Crit Care Med 20xx. ?0% ?5% ?10% ?15% ?20% ?25% ?30% ?35% ?40% ?45% ?0 ?1 ?5 ?10 ?15 ?20 ?25 ?30 ?35 ?40 ?45 ?50 ?55 ?60 ?65 ?70 ?75 ?80 ?85 Age Mortality ?Without Comorbidity ?With Comorbidity ?Overall Severe Sepsis: Primary Source ? Pulmonary: 50% ? Abdomen/Pelvis: ~25% ? Primary bacteremia: ~15% ? Urosepsis: 10% ? Skin: 5% ? Vascular: 5% ? Other: ~15% Martin GS, et al. NEJM 20xx。g/dl ? Free cortisol has advantages over total cortisol but not widely available ? The ACTH stim test should not be used to identify the subset of adult pts with septic shock who should receive hydrocortisone (2B) Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, Meduri GU, Sprung C, et al. Crit Care Med 20xx (under review) Adrenal Task Force Consensus Panel Treatment and Duration ? Treatment regimens: ? 100 mg hydrocortisone IV q 8 h ? 100/200 mg bolus of hydrocortisone then 10 mg/h ? 50 mg hydrocortisone IV q 6 h ? Full dose hydrocortisone treatment should be continued for 57 days before tapering assuming there is no recurrence of signs of sepsis or shock (2C) ? Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, Meduri GU, Sprung C, et al. Crit Care Med 20xx (under review) Consensus Statement ? Patients with septic shock should not receive dexamethasone if hydrocortisone is available (2B) ? Fludrocortisone is optional if hydrocortisone is used (2C) ? Doses of corticosteroids parable to 300 mg of hydrocortisone daily not be used in septic shock (1A) Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, Meduri GU, Sprung C, et al. Crit Care Med 20xx (under review)。g ACTH stimulation test ? ? Annane D, et al. JAMA 20xx。 1C 其他 ? 鎮(zhèn)靜,止痛 和神經肌肉阻滯劑(肯定要求鎮(zhèn)靜方案, 1B) ? 腎替代治療( 2D) ? 碳酸氫鈉的治療(否定, 1B) ? DVT的預防(肯定, 1A) ? 應激性潰瘍的預防(肯定, 1A用 H2RA; ? 1B用 PPI) ? 選擇性消化道去污治療 展望未來的治療 ? 脂多糖 A的拮抗劑 ? 補體的阻滯劑 ? 凋亡的抑制物 ? HMOB 的抑制物 ? MIF抑制物 總結 ? 嚴重的膿毒血癥和膿度性休克最常見的死亡率 2550% ? 促炎反應和抗凝反應在膿毒血癥病生理中起關鍵作用 ? 尋癥醫(yī)學推薦是可以被應用并且應該參與改善病人預后的工作。 1A 膿毒血癥誘導 ALI/ARDS的機械通氣 ? 目標潮氣量 6ml/kg 1B ? 維持平臺壓 30cmH2O 1C ? 允許性高碳酸血癥被接受維持最低的平臺壓和潮氣量 1C ? PEEP設置避免在呼氣時廣泛的肺塌陷 1C ? 在嚴重的 ARDS可以腹臥位 2C ? 降低 VAP需要頭抬高 3045 176。 2B ? 如果應用氫化可的松后,可考慮應用氟氫可的松。 1A ? 腎上腺素( 2B)或血管加壓素( )( 2C)可以治療經液體復蘇和高劑量常規(guī)血管收縮藥無效的難治性休克 SSC Guidelines, Crit Care Med 20xx 強心藥物治療 當心臟充盈壓增加和低心輸出量時,存在心功能被抑制時,推薦應用多巴酚丁胺。1C 感染源控制 Source Control ? 控制技術 舉例 ? 引流 腹腔膿腫, ? 膿胸 ? 清創(chuàng)術 壞死性筋膜炎, ? 感染胰腺壞死 ? 拔除管路 感染靜脈插管, ? 導尿尿管 ? 權威處理 膽囊切除術, ? 乙狀結腸切除術 液體和血管活性藥物治療 ? 液體即可以自然或人工的晶體或膠體 1B ? 懷疑低血容量時,補液試驗 1000ml晶體或 300500ml膠體超過 30分鐘輸液。 ? 2C Fluid Therapy ? Crystalloids ? Lactated Ringer’s solution ? Normal saline ? Colloids ? Hetastarch ? Albumin ? Gelatins ? Packed red blood cells ? Infuse to physiologic endpoints Fluid Therapy ? Correct hypotension first ? Decrease heart rate ? Correct hypoperfusion abnormalities ? Monitor for deterioration of oxygenation Inotropic / Vasopressor Agents ? Dopamine ? Low dose (23 ?g/kg/min) – mild inotrope plus renal effect ? Intermediate dose (410 ?g/kg/min) – inotropic effect ? High dose ( 10 ?g/kg/min) – vasoconstriction ? Chronotropic effect Inotropic Agents ? Dobutamine ? 520 ?g/kg/min ? Inotropic and variable chronotr