【正文】 from the residents’ urban image. (In this experiment we added the res Finally, further attention should be paid to imagery as represented by different groups, allowing due consideration of the wider picure of the appropriateness of major cultural events as are imaging strategy for contemporary cities with arrange of social and cultural justice urban image as a GIS layer.) The participants of both experiments had to plete the following steps: Each subject was provided with an A4 sheet of paper, on which the municipal borders of Tel Aviv were asked. In order to give the respondents reference points, we also marked two very familiar landmarks along the coastline of Tel Aviv— the new Tel Aviv port and the old Jeff aport. The main national highway (Ayalon Highway) was also marked (Figure 2). All participants were given the same instruction: ‘Please mark each of the above sites on the map, as accurately as you can’. The nine sites were those which were read to them at the beginning of the experiment, and they include six locations in the way?nding tasks (the clock tower in Jaffa, the Israel Museum, Habimah National Theater, City Hall, YehudaMaccabi Street and the central bus station) and three other central locations (the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, the Azrieli mall and the rail way station). The locations of the nine elements for each map given by the participants were pared to their real locations—providing a mean distance error value for each participant. Such in formation Avirtual city is a realtime model of an actual city that enables. The user to walk through or ?y over a certain area. Such models have been constructed recently for many cities, . Los Angeles, Philadelphia, London, Barcelona, Glasgow, Tokyo and Tel Aviv, thanks to improvements in geovisualization tools (puter graphics, GIS etc). Currently, the research in this ?eld tends to concentrate on the models’ technological dimensions and their implementations for supporting urban planning and various decisionmaking processes (Fisher and Unwin, 2021。本科畢業(yè)設計（論文） 外 文 翻 譯 原文： Virtual City Design Based on Urban Image Theory This paper aims to evaluate what effect applying residents39。 urban image in a virtual city design enhances the performance of all participants in the way finding tasks, and especially those with a low level of spatial knowledge. Analysis of the trajectory patterns and the verbal reports of the participants during navigation showed that the urban image design facilitates a more intensive use of a positionbased strategy, in addition to the pathintegration way finding strategy, which was found to be dominant in the virtual model without the highlighted urban image elements. On the basis of these findings we propose principles for designing virtual cities from a perspective of wayfinding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Cartographic Journal is the property of Maney Publishing and its content may not be copied or ed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder39。Omer etal.), little attention has been paid to the way?nding dif?culties that characterize these models and their design implications. Virtual cities are unique when pared to other geographical representations of the city, such as maps, aerial photographs or static 3D models, due to the realtime movement within them, which is characterized by high speed of lootion, different 3D viewing perspectives and varying geographical scales. These characteristics of virtual cities could entail unfamiliar user beh