【正文】 l management. (2) The practice of promoting sustainable development in regional management of Chongqing Municipality. 1. Coordinate Rural and Urban Development to Eliminate Dual Structure Contradiction ? Chongqing Municipality actively explores and promotes the bold attempt to coordinate urban and rural development in theory and practice, which is fighting for the establishment of a national coordinating urban and rural integrated support reform pilot area, and it has made positive efforts on changing the urban and rural dual structure and on narrowing the development gap between urban and rural areas. （二）近年來重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實(shí)踐 1．統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展努力消除二元結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾 重慶市在理論和實(shí)踐上積極探索并大膽嘗試推進(jìn)統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)，爭(zhēng)取設(shè)立了全國統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)，在改變城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)、縮小城鄉(xiāng)和地區(qū)發(fā)展差距方面作出了積極努力。 重慶輕重工業(yè)增加值比重為從直轄初到 2023年基本保持在 34:66這樣的水平 ， 重工業(yè)在整個(gè)工業(yè)體系中所占比重大 ， 汽車 、 摩托車 、 設(shè)備制造業(yè) 、 天然氣石油化工 、 鋁加工業(yè) 、 數(shù)字化儀器儀表業(yè)在中國占有突出地位 ， 相對(duì)而言 ， 高新科技 、 輕工業(yè)發(fā)展等知識(shí)密集型 、 勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不夠 。s GDP. This situation showed the uneven regional development of eastern and western regions and the formation of two different economic units and economic characteristics. 二是地區(qū)二元結(jié)構(gòu)突出 。 2023年 ， 全市城鎮(zhèn)化率為 %， 按常住人口計(jì)算 ， 有；城市居民家庭恩格爾系數(shù)為 %， 農(nóng)村居民家庭恩格爾系數(shù)為%， 全市城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分別比全國平均水平低 189元 、 713元 ， 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距高達(dá)∶ 1， 遠(yuǎn)高于全國 ∶ 1的水平；城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)事業(yè)發(fā)展的差距較大 ， 城鄉(xiāng)居民受教育機(jī)會(huì)的不平等直接造成就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的不平等 ， 就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的不平等又最終導(dǎo)致收入的不平等 。 and the Engel coefficient of rural residents was %。s basic national conditions which characterized with both rural and city and highlighted with the dual economic structure. 重慶市是我國唯一的二元經(jīng)濟(jì)特征突出的直轄市 與北京、天津、上海三大直轄市不同的是：重慶市是我國基本國情的“縮影”，大農(nóng)村與大城市并存，二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)突出。全市下轄 40個(gè)行政區(qū)縣，2023年全市人口 ，其中少數(shù)民族 49個(gè)，人口占全市人口的 %，主要以土家族、苗族為主。s population in 2023 was million, of which 49 minorities and the population of them occupies % of the city39。s Agenda 21ST: The Chinese 21st century population, Environment and Development White paper and carried out the research for Environmental Protection Strategy of China, 10 countermeasures to Chinese Environment and Development. Meanwhile, we put them into the integration of national economic development 9th FiveYear Plan, 10th FiveYear Plan , 11th FiveYear Plan as the national economy and social development basic strategy. Local governments at all levels have attached great importance to all these matters and actively promote practical exploration. Chinese western city Chongqing Municipality is such an example. 中國政府十分重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展的研究和實(shí)施 ， 1992年巴西會(huì)議后 ， 我國積極履行大會(huì)提出的任務(wù) ， 1994年 ， 率先制訂了 《 中國 21世紀(jì)議程：中國 21世紀(jì)人口 、 環(huán)境與發(fā)展白皮書 》 ， 開展了 《 中國環(huán)境與發(fā)展十大對(duì)策 》 、 《 中國環(huán)境保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略 》 等重大研究 ， 且將其納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的 “ 九五 ” 、 “ 十五 ” 、 “ 十一五 ” 規(guī)劃 ， 作為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的基本戰(zhàn)略 。 技術(shù)水平低 、 資金匱乏 、 資源利用方面的粗放 、 浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重等問題 ， 也使資源與環(huán)境等問題愈加嚴(yán)重 。s per capita consumption of 56 percent, 15 percent and 10 percent. At the same time, economic has been grown rapidly since the reform and opening up of China, which is the result of the rapid expansion of per capita consumption of resources and the total consumption of resources, only a steel industry on the energy consumption occupies one tenth of China39。 fifth, the sustainable development aims to improve the quality of people life in line with social progress, its ultimate aim is to achieve allround development. ——可持續(xù)發(fā)展要求公平與效率的高度統(tǒng)一。 Second, Sustainable development should take natural resources as the prerequisite and coordinate to the environment carrying capacity .We seek to reduce the rate of depletion of natural assets and strive to make it the below the development rate of renewable resources or rate of substitutes。 In 1992 the United Nations 21st century Agenda caused sustainable development into a global development theme. 環(huán)境與發(fā)展問題的演變過程是提出可持續(xù)發(fā)展的時(shí)代背景。 ? Sustainable development has been a basic strategy of current China’s development. Chongqing Municipality which located in China39。 位于中國西部的重慶市在區(qū)域管理中大力進(jìn)行了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實(shí)踐：以統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展 、 實(shí)施一圈兩翼區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 、 推進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 、 持久開展生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與建設(shè) 、 對(duì)三峽庫區(qū)進(jìn)行了科學(xué)的規(guī)劃和發(fā)展 、 積極尋求更大區(qū)域合作 ， 提高發(fā)展能力和環(huán)境綜合治理能力 。 In 1987, our mon future drought foreword the concept of sustainable development。s Current Development Stage Sustainable development is an integrated concept which involves economy, society, cultural technology and natural environment. ? The connotation of sustainable development mainly includes the following aspects: First, sustainable development does not negate the economic growth, particularly developing countries economic growth, but it must transfer the production method from the extensive to intensive style and address the economic distortions and errors as well。s Current Development Stage ? Third, sustainable development demands a high degree reunification of fairness and efficiency. We cannot pursue just the present benefits to harm the foundation of longterm development, at the same time we must pay our attention to both the longterm benefits and the shortterm benefits. Fourth, sustainable development needs to follow the principle of innovation. The use of technological innovations and the institutional innovation means to provide the necessary technical and economic conditions for sustainable development。s Current Development Stage China is faced with the enormous energy and resources challenges, and sustainable development will bee a basic development strategy. ? China is the largest developing countries with limited resources and a large population, the percapita consumption of resources is far below the world average, and the per capita arable land is only equivalent to 42 percent of world average level. The fresh water resource is equivalent to 27 percent of world per capita level, the forest resources is equivalent to 20 percent of world per capita level, the per capita consumption of coal , petroleum and natural gas is respectively equivalent to the world39。 同時(shí) ， 我國改革開放來中國經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長 ， 導(dǎo)致人均資源消費(fèi)量和資源消費(fèi)總量迅速擴(kuò)大 ， 僅鋼鐵一個(gè)行業(yè)能耗就占中國能