【正文】 ic failure. In the entire history of munication(傳播學(xué)), crosscultural munication is a fairly young field. From the beginning until now, it is also but half a century of history. The history is divided into four stages. In the first stage(before 1950), . Hall first put forward the word “intercultural munication” in his book The Silent Language in 1959. This starts the real systematic development of crosscultural munication. In the second stage (19601969), more munication researchers entered the field. During this period, crosscultural munication began to lay the foundation in the academic field. . Oliver’s Culture and Communication (1962) and A. Smith’s Communication and Culture, the two books are the representatives. In the third stage (19201979), the works of crosscultural munication have mushroomed. Each author seemed to have different ideas on crosscultural munication. The most important periodical The International Journal of Relations is first issued in 1977. In the fourth stage (from 1980 to now), the turmoil finished. Entering 1990s, crosscultural munication has became a mature discipline (陳國(guó)明，2009：69). There are many factors contributing to the development of crosscultural munication. The five most important factors are the development of technology, the globalization of economy, the widespread immigration, the development of multiculturalism, and the deemphasis of nationstate ( 陳國(guó)明，2009：35). The Purposes of This StudyWith China’s accession to the WTO and the economic globalization, the munication between China and the world bees more and more closely. Many people find that they have a good mand of English vocabulary, and a certain ability of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. But in concrete situations of munication, misunderstandings often emerge, and even affect the normal munication seriously. Pragmatic failure in crosscultural munication can cause misunderstandings between native speakers and foreign language speakers, destroy the effective munication, and even make the harmonious interpersonal munication bee nervous. This study’s goals are to discuss some mon pragmatic failures in daily munication, analyze the reasons why people make such kind of pragmatic failures, and provide some effective methods for people to develop crosscultural municative petence, to bee aware of cultural differences and to overe pragmatic failures. The study aims to let the people have a basic knowledge of pragmatic failure and provide some ways to improve people’s petence in crosscultural munication. 2. Types of Pragmatic Failure Pragmalinguistic Failure As we have mentioned before, pragmalinguistic failure refers to the spoken language which are not in accordance with the native English speakers’ habits, and the misuse of expressions applying mother tongue mechanically into English. More specifically, pragmalinguistic failure refers to that people in the munication choose the inaccurate language expressions according to context, which violate the pragmatic principles. The mon pragmalinguistic failure includes the following kinds: 1) inconformity to the idiomaticity of the native English speakers, and the misuse of English expressions。第三章討論了造成跨文化交際失誤的主要原因。只有懂得不同文化之間的差異，了解語用失誤，加強(qiáng)對(duì)文化意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)，恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用交際策略，這樣我們才能在跨文化交際中成功地進(jìn)行進(jìn)行順利的交流互動(dòng)。 cultural difference跨文化交際中的語用失誤摘要：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展，跨文化交際在世界范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來。Pragmatic Failure in Crosscultural CommunicationAbstract: With the globalization of economy, crosscultural munication is increasing rapidly in the whole world. Pragmatic failure often occurs in crosscultural munication, which leads to misunderstandings among different speakers with various ethnic backgrounds. Pragmatic failure is one of the most important factors which contribute to the failure of munication. Only by understanding cultural differences, learning pragmatic failures, strengthening cultural awareness, and applying munication strategies properly can we make a successful crosscultural munication. This study aims to discuss and analyze pragmatic failure in crosscultural munication. The thesis consists of 5 chapters. The first chapter introduces some basic definitions of the terminologies in this study, such as culture, pragmatics, pragmatic failure and crosscultural munication, etc. It also briefly introduces the purpose of the study. The second chapter discusses the two types of pragmatic failure with fresh examples, pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure. The third chapter analyzes some major factors contributing to pragmatic failure in crosscultural munication. It mainly discusses different thinking patterns and values between the westerners and Chinese. The fourth chapter provides some effective methods and pragmatic strategies to avoid pragmatic failure and interesting activities to develop students’ cultural awareness and pragmatic petence. Finally, a conclusion is given to summarize the whole study.Key words: pragmatic failure。語用失誤是眾多引起交際失敗的重要原因之一。本文將對(duì)跨文化交際中的語用失誤進(jìn)行討論和分析，共由5個(gè)章節(jié)構(gòu)成。本章研究的重點(diǎn)主要是中西方不同的思維方式和價(jià)值觀念。 2) knowing the right expressions of English, but applying mother tongue’ meaning and structure to English。)(王立英，傅曉曦，2009：81) In China, when people get the pliment from others, they often use a negative answer to show his modesty. They say, “過獎(jiǎng)了” , “哪里哪里”,and “不敢當(dāng)”, etc. If Chinese people translate these negative answers into English during the munication with the westerners, such as “You have overpraised me.”, “No, no.”, “I don’t deserve this you flattering me.”, or “There is still a lot for me to do.” These negative answers may interrupt the normal munication.On the contrary, in the western countries, people are often willing to accept the pliment and thank the people who praise him or her. They say, “Thank you for your pliment.” FarewellFarewell often occurs when the munication ends. Although there are similar expressions in English and Chinese, for example, “Goodbye” and “再見”, there still exists different