【正文】 which a last volume is capable – whether by her imprudence, vulgarity, or jealousy – whether by intercepting her letters, ruining her character, or turning her out of doors. (11。Here Austen gives her own insight of the value of novels, and questions the social prejudice against novels. The directness with which Austen addresses the reader gives a unique insight into Austen’s thoughts at the time. And her perspectives on novels are sharply in contrast with that of popular writers, especially the Gothic novelists of the time. II. Parody of Gothic CharactersAccording to the mon rule, Gothic novels not only have a set format in plot construction, but also share the same characterization. Below are some classified major characters around the heroine in Gothic novels: an aunt or another older woman of envy。 one of them is The Mysteries of Udolpho. After reading so many Gothic novels, Catherine’s eagerness to visit and explore a real castle grows severe. Therefore, she feels extremely excited when General Tilney, Henry’s father, invites her to visit their house, the Northanger Abbey.Additionally, there is one point we should pay attention to, ., Jane Austen has adopted a new tactic of writing by addressing the readers directly. For example, at the end of chapter five, when Isabella and Catherine shut themselves up to read novels, the narrator clearly says that “[novels] have afforded more extensive and unaffected pleasure than those of any other literary corporation in the world” (32。 ). Through the characterization of the heroine, Jane Austen actually criticizes the general expectations of a wellmannered gentle lady in Gothic novels. Then the heroine begins her adventure to Bath. In Gothic novels, the heroine’s parents should be very worried and severely anxious or in tears with sadness when she is about to leave home. Nevertheless, Catherine’s mother was not like that: she just reminded her daughter of wrapping herself warm and trying to keep account of the money, and her father only put ten guineas into her hand and promised more when she wanted it. During their journey to Bath, nothing alarming occurred to them except Mrs. Allen’s having left her clogs at an inn which later on was proved groundless. “Neither robbers nor tempests befriended them, nor one lucky overturn to introduce them to the hero” (11。 “Through parody, Austen revises Gothic novels in a ic way for the purpose of negotiation with Gothic novels, as well as inheritance and preservation” (Zheng 89). However, some others argue that Austen shows her sarcasm towards Gothic novels and emphasizes reason and realism: “[Northanger Abbey] also satirized the sentimental novels, especially the Gothic novel, which was very popular at that time” (Yang 66), and “[the] mock of Gothic novels runs through the novel from beginning to end” (Sun 36). Northanger Abbey expresses Austen’s sarcasm on prevailing Gothic novels, especially The Mysteries of Udolpho, which has been mentioned several times in the work. With a close reading of Northanger Abbey, we can easily find the Gothic craze surrounding it. First of all, Northanger Abbey shares similar plot construction with the prevailing Gothic novels。 Keats’ La Belle Dame sans Merci (1819) and Isabella (1820)。每個(gè)文獻(xiàn)須在文末參考書目中出現(xiàn)。 supernatural events, such as ghosts or unknown giants ing to human life。 Northanger Abbey (1818)。18注意每段的首行縮進(jìn)、行距、字體、字號(hào)等要保持全文一致IntroductionJane Austen (1775~1817), who lived at the turn of the 18th and 19th century, is the most distinguished as well as the most widely read female novelist in British literature. She was born on December 16, 1775, at Steventon rectory in Hampshire, England, and died in Winchester on July 18, 1817, and was buried in Winchester Cathedral. Austen lives in a large family with six brothers and one sister. Her father, George Austen was a rector for much of his life. Her sister, Cassandra Elizabeth, was her best friend. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers, and her own reading also helped a lot with her writing. During Austen’s education and writing life, her father was the most important guide, for he not only provided her with a wellstocked family library, but also supported her writing with much effort. He had created a democratic and easy intellectual atmosphere at home. They often talked about different political or social ideas, and any personal opinions would be accepted and discussed. Jane Austen began to write when she was only about thirteen and the everlasting support of her family was crucial to her development as a professional writer. Austen’s personal experiences have a great influence on her writing. “Of events her life was singularly barren: few changes and no great crisis even broke the smooth current of its course” (James 11). Austen’s works are usually confined to a limited circle. In a letter to her nephew Edward, Austen made ments on her own work as “[h]ow could I possibly join them on to the little bit of Ivory on which I work with so fine a Brush, as produces little effect after much labor?” (Lefroy 160). Liu Bingshan appraised that “[t]he parison is true. The ivory surface is small enough, but the woman who made drawings of human life on it is a real artist” (309). Some critics accuse Jane Austen of writing with a narrow vision, and that her novels are all about love, marriage, money and rich relations, but Austen’s works show their values on reflecting the social realities of her day. As Zhang Dingquan and Wu Gang ment in their book that “her [Jane Austen’s] unique sensitivity to human emotions, her careful observation … made her one of the finest novelists of the age” (202).Austen wrote six plete novels during her literary career. They are: Sense and Sensibility (1811)。注意各級(jí)標(biāo)題大小寫，確保目錄中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼與正文中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼保持對(duì)應(yīng)。 Emma (1816)。 an atmosphere of mystery and suspense that arouses fear and terror。 and romance, such as powerful love between the heroine and the hero.The first Gothic novel is