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基于plc的電鍍生產(chǎn)線控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計畢業(yè)論文-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 on quantity signal39。(4) before removing RAM modules, check the battery module is working correctly, if the battery fault light is removed when the PAM module content will be lost。 (6) Installed in reverse order。 (2) The way the CPU on the front panel select switch from the Run to Stop position。3. Maintenance preparation, maintenance of order(1) Ready before maintenance tools。 PLC ConnectionsWhen a process is controlled by a PLC it uses inputs from sensors to make decisions and update outputs to drive actuators, as shown in Figure . The process is a real process that will change over time. Actuators will drive the system to new states (or modes of operation). This means that the controller is limited by the sensors available, if an input is not available, the controller will have no way to detect a condition.The control loop is a continuous cycle of the PLC reading inputs, solving the ladder logic, and then changing the outputs. Like any puter this does not happen instantly. Figure shows the basic operation cycle of a PLC. When power is turned on initially the PLC does a quick sanity check to ensure that the hardware is working properly. If there is a problem the PLC will halt and indicate there is an error. For example, if the PLC backup battery is low and power was lost, the memory will be corrupt and this will result in a fault. If the PLC passes the sanity checks it will then scan (read) all the inputs. After the inputs values are stored in memory the ladder logic will be scanned (solved) using the stored values not the current values. This is done to prevent logic problems when inputs change during the ladder logic scan. After this the system goes back to do a sanity check, and the loop continues indefinitely. Unlike normal puters, the entire program will be run every scan. Typical times for each of the stages are in the order of milliseconds.Questions Should Pay Attention to When PLC Is in the UsePLC which should pay attention to in the application is specially the control device which serves for the industrial production, usually does not need to take any measure, may use directly in the industry environment. But, when the production environment is too bad, the electromagnetic interference is special intense, or installs uses improper, cannot guarantee PLC the normal operation, therefore should pay attention to the following questions in the use. First, Siemens PLC maintenance 1. Maintenance procedures, equipment, periodic testing, adjustment provisions (1) Halfyearly or quarterly inspection PLC cabinet terminal connections, and if time to reloose strong local connection。 if it is 0 the output will be turned off. The ladder logic program in Figure , is equivalent to the mnemonic program. Even if you have programmed a PLC with ladder logic, it will be converted to mnemonic form before being used by the PLC. In the past mnemonic programming was the most mon, but now it is unmon for users to even see mnemonic programs. Sequential Function Charts (SFC) have been developed to acmodate the programming of more advanced systems. These are similar to flowcharts, but much more powerful. The example seen in Figure is doing two different things. To read the chart, start at the top where is says start. Below this there is the double horizontal line that says follow both paths. As a result the PLC will start to follow the branch on the left and right hand sides separately and simultaneously. On the left there are two functions the first one is the power up function. This function will run until it decides it is done, and the power down function will e after. On the right hand side is the flash function。黃北剛. 工廠電氣控制電路實例詳解. 北京: 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 總之,這此的設(shè)計教會了我很多,不僅僅是專業(yè)知識得到擴展,更多的是發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,解決問題的能力和獲取知識的能力得到鍛煉。在此,我鄭重的向在此過程中給予我?guī)椭睦蠋熀屯瑢W(xué)們表達深深的謝意,同時也感謝學(xué)校能夠給我們提供這么好的實驗條件,能讓我們不僅僅是在紙張上完成自己的課程設(shè)計,更是讓我們能親眼看見自己辛苦幾個月的設(shè)計成果。最終,在通過各方面的努力下,該電鍍生產(chǎn)線控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計基本完成,在設(shè)計當(dāng)中我充分考慮到了操作的方便性,工藝的簡單性。結(jié) 論這次對電鍍生產(chǎn)線控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計讓我更多的了解到了電鍍這個工藝的發(fā)展前景,讓我重新認(rèn)識了用PLC來設(shè)計控制系統(tǒng)的使用價值。圖 56 連續(xù)工作左行系統(tǒng)左行到左限位,碰到左限開關(guān)時,系統(tǒng)開始下降向原位回歸,如圖57所示。圖52 連續(xù)工作上升按動上限開關(guān),系統(tǒng)向右運行,如圖53所示。第5章 系統(tǒng)軟硬件調(diào)試我們在設(shè)計的最后階段把軟件和硬件結(jié)合起來,成功實現(xiàn)了電鍍生產(chǎn)線系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控功能。至此,整個程序的組態(tài)軟件編寫已經(jīng)完成,即可進入下一個階段的工作。if(\\本站點\SS==1)\\本站點\SXYX=\\本站點\SXYX+20。另外,再輸入一些符號時須在中文方式下。按照上面的步驟,根據(jù)設(shè)計需求,分別對畫面中的物件進行動畫連接,從而實現(xiàn)了外部輸入量與內(nèi)部事物的數(shù)據(jù)連接。自此,一個完整的數(shù)據(jù)庫建立完畢。而在實際工程應(yīng)用中,一般都需要定義許多變量,而這些變量都是彼此相關(guān)聯(lián)的,這樣在這樣按著圖315所示的步驟定義的話,工作量非常的大,既浪費人力,又浪費時間。在變量名中填入所需設(shè)置的變量名,如“XX”。需要檢測外部輸入量是否與PLC相連時,只用雙擊該設(shè)備,在彈出的對話框中選擇測試PLC即可。單擊“下一步”,彈出如圖411所示對話框。單擊“下一步”進入如圖49所示對話框。圖45 開發(fā)系統(tǒng)圖46 完成的系統(tǒng)畫面在工具箱中可以選定各種現(xiàn)有圖形,并且可以用繪圖工具繪制各種圖形、添加文本、調(diào)劑顏色等操作。同時支持畫面之間的圖形對象拷貝,可重復(fù)使用以前的開發(fā)結(jié)果[20]。點擊“完成”,則完成了一個新工程的建立。圖42 工程向?qū)е诠こ搪窂轿谋究蛑休斎胍粋€有效的工程路徑,或單擊“瀏覽”按鈕,在彈出的路徑選擇對話框中選擇一個有效的路徑。 監(jiān)控畫面設(shè)計 建立新工程啟動組態(tài)王軟件的工程管理器,在菜單中點擊“新建”彈出對話框如圖41。它具有以下幾個方面的特點:可視化操作界面,真彩顯示圖形、支持漸進色、豐富的圖庫、動畫連接;無與倫比的動力和靈活性,擁有全面的腳本與圖形動畫功能可以對畫面中的一部分進行保存,以便以后進行分析或打??;變量導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出功能,變量可以導(dǎo)出到Excel表格中,方便的對變量名稱等屬性進行修改,然后再導(dǎo)入新工程中,實現(xiàn)了變量的二次利用,節(jié)省了開發(fā)時間;強大的分布式報警、事件處理,支持實時、歷史數(shù)據(jù)的分布式保存。在組態(tài)軟件出現(xiàn)之前,工控領(lǐng)域的用戶通過手工或委托第三方編寫HMI應(yīng)用,開發(fā)時間長,效率低,可靠性差;或者購買專用的工控系統(tǒng),通常是封閉的系統(tǒng),選擇余地小,往往不能滿足需求,很難與外界進行數(shù)據(jù)交互,升級和增加功能都受到嚴(yán)重的限制[17]。在編寫過程中先完成連續(xù)工作和單周期工作方式的軟件編寫,然后在這兩種工作方式的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合步進工作方式的具體特點,編寫出步進工作方式的程序,然后對照程序梯形圖寫出程序指令表,從而完成整個系統(tǒng)的軟件編寫工作。在步進工作方式的軟件編寫中,同樣采取與以上兩種工作方式相同的主程序,只在原來兩種工作方式的軟件程序中并行添加實現(xiàn)步進的各種邏輯條件即可,使步進程序的執(zhí)行是在以上兩種程序的基礎(chǔ)上通過附加條件實現(xiàn),最終完成整個軟件程序的編寫。圖31 電鍍生產(chǎn)線連續(xù)工作和步進工作程序流程圖 程序梯形圖設(shè)計 本系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計采取先簡單,后復(fù)雜的處理方法。在PLC運行時,先對程序進行初始化,然后程序?qū)斎脒M行判斷,查看系統(tǒng)是工作在連續(xù)工作狀態(tài)還是單周期工作狀態(tài)。6. 電氣控制電路中各支路是同時加上電壓并行工作的,而PLC是采用循環(huán)掃描方式工作,梯形圖中各元件是按掃描順序依次執(zhí)行的,是一種串行處理方式。4. 梯形圖中使用的各種PLC內(nèi)部器件,如輔助繼電器、定時器、計數(shù)器等,也不是真的電器元件,但具有相應(yīng)的功能,因此通常按電氣控制系統(tǒng)中相應(yīng)器件的名稱稱呼它們。2. 電氣控制電路左右母線為電源線,中間各支路都加有電壓,當(dāng)支路接通時,有電流流過支路上的觸點與線圈。母線之間是觸點的邏輯連接和線圈的輸出。這些編程語言都是面向用戶的,它使控制程序的開發(fā)、輸入、調(diào)試和修改工作大大簡化。以上幾個是我們在本次系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的過程中可能需要用到的PLC軟元件,另外PLC還有很多其它的軟元件。當(dāng)通過程序使得輸出繼電器線圈得電時,PLC上的輸出端開關(guān)閉合,它可以作為控制外部負載的開關(guān)信號。當(dāng)輸入觸發(fā)條件滿足時,計數(shù)器開始累計它的輸入端脈沖電位上升延的次數(shù),當(dāng)計數(shù)器計數(shù)達到預(yù)
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