【正文】 TPCR等顯示細(xì)胞外囊泡選擇性地將母細(xì)胞來源的多種生物活性物質(zhì)包裝進(jìn)其雙分子層膜結(jié)構(gòu)中或攜帶于膜表面，如脂質(zhì)(如富含膽固醇和鞘磷)、細(xì)胞因子、趨化因子、生長(zhǎng)因子、特異性及非特異性蛋白、DNA、mRNA、microRNA、lncRNA、circRNA等[14，1821]。幾乎所有的細(xì)胞都可自發(fā)或在一定刺激條件下產(chǎn)生和釋放細(xì)胞外囊泡，如上皮細(xì)胞、未成熟樹突狀細(xì)胞等會(huì)自發(fā)的產(chǎn)生和釋放細(xì)胞外囊泡[15]。以膜微粒為例，內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞來源的膜微粒命名為內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞膜微粒、血小板來源的膜微粒、間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞來源的膜微粒等。 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)估 根據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，作者先閱讀經(jīng)相關(guān)關(guān)鍵詞篩選出的文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)題和摘要進(jìn)行初步篩選，排除與研究目的不符或重復(fù)性文章，選取英文文獻(xiàn)113篇，中文文獻(xiàn)14篇，查閱全文。中文檢索詞為：“細(xì)胞外囊泡、外泌體、微囊泡、膜微?！?；英文檢索詞為”Extracellular Vesicles，exosome，microvesicle，microparticle”。細(xì)胞外囊泡是一組異質(zhì)性較大的群體，參與機(jī)體多種反應(yīng)，經(jīng)歷了從無人問津到趨之若鶩的戲劇性變化，有望成為新型分子標(biāo)記物用于疾病診斷、判斷評(píng)估疾病預(yù)后，有望作為新藥研發(fā)對(duì)象[11]。Johnstone等[45]在1983年觀察綿羊網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞變?yōu)槌墒旒t細(xì)胞晚期過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，紅細(xì)胞能將代謝終產(chǎn)物通過一些小囊泡(后來證實(shí)是外泌體)釋放到細(xì)胞外，并于1987年命名這類小囊泡為外泌體。21(4):621626. 完美WORD格式編輯 0 引言 Introduction 細(xì)胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles，EVs)是細(xì)胞旁分泌產(chǎn)生的一種亞細(xì)胞成分，實(shí)質(zhì)上是一組納米級(jí)顆粒，近年來學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)—外泌體(exosome)、膜微粒(microparticle，MP)、微囊泡(microvesicle，MV)等均在其范疇。 Exosomes。細(xì)胞外囊泡分泌的分子機(jī)制及其作用于靶細(xì)胞引起生物學(xué)功能變化的具體成分及其信號(hào)通路尚在研究中，以研究miRNA者為主，近年來lncRNA、circRNA開始成為新星逐漸走進(jìn)學(xué)者視野。結(jié)果與結(jié)論：共納入44篇文獻(xiàn)。摘要背景：細(xì)胞外囊泡是細(xì)胞旁分泌產(chǎn)生的一種亞細(xì)胞成分，近年來學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)——外泌體、膜微粒及微囊泡等均在其范疇。自噬：這是發(fā)生在細(xì)胞代謝過程以清除代謝廢物或維持細(xì)胞器更新的一種現(xiàn)象，其過程如下：首先細(xì)胞的一些成分將部分細(xì)胞質(zhì)和(或)細(xì)胞內(nèi)需降解的細(xì)胞器、蛋白質(zhì)等成分包裹起來形成自噬體，接著自噬體與溶酶體融合形成自噬溶酶體，降解其所包裹的內(nèi)容物，目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)自噬在機(jī)體的生理和病理過程中均能見到。檢索時(shí)間為2006年7月至2016年8月。特定類型的細(xì)胞外囊泡有望成為輔助疾病診斷及預(yù)后判斷的新分子標(biāo)記物；在抗腫瘤治療、再生醫(yī)學(xué)、免疫調(diào)節(jié)等方面也有著廣闊前景；能為干細(xì)胞治療非細(xì)胞途徑開辟新路徑；有可能作為疫苗或藥物的天然載體為臨床治療帶來福音。 通訊作者：陳建英，主任醫(yī)師，碩士生導(dǎo)師，廣東醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院心內(nèi)三區(qū)，廣東省湛江市524001 中圖分類號(hào):文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):20954344(2017)040062106稿件接受：20161126Wang Jin, Master, Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, ChinaCorresponding author: Chen Jianying, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Third Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, ChinaAbstractBACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a kind of subcellular ponent produced by paracine mechanism including exosomes, microparticles and microvesicles, which have bee hotspots in recent years.OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and progress of EVs, especially in the studies about definition, secreting mechanism, isolation and identification, biological characteristics and functions in diseases as well as in biomedical research. 完美WORD格式編輯 METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed and CNKI databases for relative articles published from July 2006 to August 2016. The keywords were “extracellular vesicles, exosome, microvesicle, microparticle” in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 44 eligible literatures are enrolled. Almost all cells can secrete EVs, which contain a variety of metrocytederived bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNA, lncRNA, cicrRNA, and noncoding RNA. These bioactive molecules are encapsulated in EVs or binding with the membrane. EVs are described to be involved in inflammation, immunity, signal transduction, cell survival and apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombogenesis, and autophagy, which are of great significance to the maintenance of homeostasis and disease progression. Special EVs may be used as new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases and serve as novel tools in the fields of antitumor therapy, regenerative medicine, immunoregulation and vaccination and drug delivery. But the molecular mechanisms regulating the secretion of EVs and the specific pathways activated upon EVs interaction with the target cell are not fully understood. Based on miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA are attracting researchers’ attention.Subject headings: Tissue Engineering。 Drug CarriersFunding: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81370242Cite this article: Wang J, Chen JY. Research progress of extracellular vesicles. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2017。隨后的相關(guān)研究多是用術(shù)語膜微粒來描述這類物質(zhì)[3]。隨著近年來研究的不斷的深入，發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞外囊泡還在纖維化、自噬[89]、免疫抑制及免疫激活等多方面發(fā)揮作用[1