【正文】 s make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick.The PLC correspondence has already e more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs, can pass the munication of the information and the share of the data to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to e to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data。 But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can39。s machine bine, for resolve the very plicated problem to look for the best pathWe e in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grassroots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level, And the PLC emergence also became the epochmaking topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people39。t satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can39。 5．變頻器如果要長電纜運(yùn)行時(shí)，此時(shí)要采取措施抑制長電纜對地耦合電容的影響，避免變頻器出力不足，所以在這樣情況下，變頻器容量要放大一檔或者在變頻器的輸出端安裝輸出電抗器。 2．變頻器的負(fù)載類型，如葉片泵或容積泵等，特別注意負(fù)載的性能曲線，性能曲線決定了應(yīng)用時(shí)的方式方法。 HMI的選型1．基本功能：設(shè)備工作狀態(tài)顯示，指示燈，按鈕，文字、圖形、曲線及工作模擬圖，數(shù)據(jù)和文字輸入操作生產(chǎn)配方存儲，設(shè)備生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄，簡單的邏輯和數(shù)值運(yùn)算，可連接多種工業(yè)控制設(shè)備組網(wǎng)[12]，通信宏指令的調(diào)用，可以與多種機(jī)型的PLC相連接，不需要實(shí)物便可以進(jìn)行離線模擬。使用者都必須先使用HMI的畫面組態(tài)軟件制作“工程文件”，在通過PC機(jī)和HMI產(chǎn)品的串行通訊口，把編制好的“工程文件”下載到HMI的處理器中運(yùn)行。表31 M點(diǎn)定義對應(yīng)M點(diǎn)定義備注M0啟動(dòng)M1機(jī)械臂第一次上升M2滑行臺前進(jìn)M3機(jī)械臂下降M4加熱淬火并旋轉(zhuǎn)M5機(jī)械臂第二次上升M6噴液并旋轉(zhuǎn)M7行車倒退2．I/O分配表：輸入信號為各控制按鈕和行程開關(guān)，輸出信號為驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的線圈和相應(yīng)的指示燈。EH作浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算，PID運(yùn)算[8]，時(shí)鐘功能，高速計(jì)數(shù)和脈沖輸出，定位控制很不錯(cuò)的。通過DVPEH2系列主機(jī)程式以指令FROM/TO來讀寫模塊內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)。前面提到綜合考慮多方面因素，我們選擇臺達(dá)PLC來進(jìn)行本次設(shè)計(jì)。一般來說，我們可以根據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝要求，確定I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)和I/O點(diǎn)的類型（數(shù)字量、模擬量等），并列出I/O點(diǎn)清單。西門子PLC：德國西門子公司生產(chǎn)的可編程程序控制器，在我國的應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛，在冶金、化工、印刷生產(chǎn)線等領(lǐng)域都有應(yīng)用，西門子公司的PLC產(chǎn)品包括LOGO,S7200，S7300，S7400，工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，HMI人機(jī)界面，工業(yè)軟件等。圖31 系統(tǒng)總體框圖其中PLC和HMI通過RS232通信線進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸[15]。工件移動(dòng)采用伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)[5]驅(qū)動(dòng)，PLC控制，同時(shí)控制電源啟動(dòng)與停止、加熱時(shí)間、噴液時(shí)間、設(shè)置觸摸屏，具有工藝編程及記憶功能，因此整個(gè)淬火過程分為3個(gè)階段：淬火、噴液、冷卻，3個(gè)區(qū)域同時(shí)獨(dú)立運(yùn)行。 本設(shè)計(jì)采用HMI和PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)對曲軸感應(yīng)加熱裝置的控制，圖22所示為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制框圖，GP477R為帶觸摸屏的顯示操作終端，用于系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、淬火過程工藝參數(shù)顯示和輸入；FX2N128MR為三菱PLC，用于機(jī)床開關(guān)量輸入輸出控制、加熱噴液定時(shí)控制等；FX2N2AD用于加熱電源實(shí)際輸出電壓和電流檢測輸入；FX2N2DA用于工件轉(zhuǎn)速和加熱電源輸出電壓控制輸出；FX2N20GM用于工件或變壓器等升降定位控制。4．加熱時(shí)間到后，伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)，帶動(dòng)曲軸上升，上升到一定位置，延時(shí)一段時(shí)間，進(jìn)行淬火冷卻。圖21 感應(yīng)加熱表面淬火原理圖 淬火工藝流程曲軸的感應(yīng)淬火生產(chǎn)線主要分成加熱區(qū)、噴液區(qū)和冷卻區(qū)3個(gè)部分，這三個(gè)部分分別受伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)，移動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，旋轉(zhuǎn)電動(dòng)機(jī)控制。工件表層高密度電流的電能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮埽贡韺拥臏囟壬?，即?shí)現(xiàn)表面加熱。在加熱層溫度超過鋼的臨界點(diǎn)溫度后迅速冷卻，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)表面淬火。一般將工件放到感應(yīng)器內(nèi)，感應(yīng)器一般是由輸入中頻或者高頻的交流電組成的空心銅管。 感應(yīng)加熱基本原理 電流周圍存在有磁場，當(dāng)導(dǎo)體中通有電流時(shí)，在導(dǎo)體周圍就會產(chǎn)生磁場。工件的熱處理和淬火過程對于曲軸的整體性能起著相當(dāng)重要的作用。其材料是由碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼或球墨鑄鐵制成的，有兩個(gè)重要部位：主軸頸，連桿頸。在觸摸屏面控制面板上還可以設(shè)置一些非常便利有用的功能，比如：登陸界面設(shè)置一些權(quán)限，防止非專業(yè)操作人員的誤操作而發(fā)生生產(chǎn)事故；報(bào)警功能，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)檢測設(shè)備運(yùn)行中產(chǎn)生的故障，并在運(yùn)行不正常的時(shí)候通過報(bào)警通知操作人員排查故障，降低損失，淬火監(jiān)控畫面顯示等功能。很多大型機(jī)械設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)都會用到PLC對其生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行控制，但是現(xiàn)場操作設(shè)備的復(fù)雜，增加了操作人員的負(fù)擔(dān)，不僅需要他們在現(xiàn)場對其操作，而且還需要掌握很多的操作方式，這樣即增加了誤操作的概率，使設(shè)備在運(yùn)行過程中出現(xiàn)故障，也對于操作人員的安全也是一種威脅，特別是在加工不同工件時(shí)，需要對PLC中的程序加以更改來適應(yīng)不同工件的工藝要求，這樣就使工作人員花費(fèi)更多的腦力和體力勞動(dòng)，比如編程，當(dāng)工藝參數(shù)稍微有些差錯(cuò)就會造成工件的報(bào)廢，甚至導(dǎo)致多個(gè)工件達(dá)不到生產(chǎn)要求而產(chǎn)生不必要的浪費(fèi)，對于生產(chǎn)效率的提高就產(chǎn)生了一種阻礙，當(dāng)生產(chǎn)過程出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)也不容易查找問題所在，這就需要我們來設(shè)計(jì)出一種新型的感應(yīng)加熱技術(shù)。基于PLC的曲軸感應(yīng)加熱裝置控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)摘 要本設(shè)計(jì)通過觸摸屏與PLC的結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)對曲軸感應(yīng)加熱的控制，在設(shè)計(jì)的觸摸屏上設(shè)置相應(yīng)的操作按鈕，這些操作按鈕的存儲器地址與PLC的地址相對應(yīng)[6]，觸摸屏接收到操作指令后，通過RS232通信電纜可以將操作信號傳送給PLC，PLC接收到正確的操作指令后，將操作信號傳送到對應(yīng)的操作設(shè)備，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)觸摸屏對曲軸的移動(dòng)、旋轉(zhuǎn)、加熱、間隙、冷卻等淬火工序的控制，完成曲軸感應(yīng)淬火的特殊工藝的智能化監(jiān)控，替代了復(fù)雜而繁瑣的現(xiàn)場操作， 為曲軸感應(yīng)淬火提供全自動(dòng)控制。關(guān)鍵詞：曲軸，感應(yīng)加熱，淬火，PLC，觸摸屏 The Control System Design of Crankshaft Induction Heating Device Based on PLCABSTRACTThis design through the bination of touch screen and PLC control system for the crankshaft induction heating, set up the corresponding action button in the design of touch screen, because the memory address of the action buttons correspond to the address of the PLC and touch screen to receive instructions, through RS232 munication cable operation signals to PLC, PLC receives the correct operation instruction, the operation signal to the corresponding equipment operation, touch screen for the movement of the crankshaft can be realized, rotating, cooling, heating, clearance control of quenching process, such as plete induction hardening crankshaft special process of intelligent monitoring, replace the scene of the plicated and tedious operation, provide full automatic control for the induction hardening bination of touch screen and PLC not only realized the automatic control of the crankshaft induction heating equipment, can also to the whole crankshaft quenching process in intelligent monitoring, easy for operation in the process of failures.The automatic and intelligent touch screen, PLC powerful memory function, improve the quenching quality of the cra