【正文】 nkshaft, the bination of both greatly increased the applicability of heating device, improve the production efficiency.KEY WORDS: Crankshaft，Induction heating，Quenching，Delta PLC，Screen Editor5目　錄前 言 1第1章 概述 3 曲軸的簡介 3 感應(yīng)加熱簡介 3 感應(yīng)加熱分類 3 感應(yīng)加熱基本原理 4第2章 曲軸感應(yīng)加熱 5 曲軸感應(yīng)淬火工藝 5 曲軸感應(yīng)淬火基本原理 5 淬火工藝流程 5 曲軸感應(yīng)淬火裝置設(shè)計(jì)方案 6 方案介紹 6 方案分析 7第3章 控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)與選型 9 系統(tǒng)總體框圖 9 PLC簡介 10 PLC的種類及特點(diǎn) 10 PLC選型 11 PLC資源分配 11 PLC的I/O分配表 12 PLC的I/O分配圖 13 測控點(diǎn)分析 14 臺達(dá)HMI觸摸屏 15 HMI產(chǎn)品組成及原理 15 HMI的選型 16 變頻器的選型 17第4章 控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 18 HMI畫面設(shè)計(jì) 18 登陸畫面設(shè)計(jì) 18 主畫面設(shè)計(jì) 19 配方的設(shè)計(jì)與管理 20 電源參數(shù)設(shè)定畫面設(shè)計(jì) 21 溫度參數(shù)設(shè)定畫面設(shè)計(jì) 22 操作界面設(shè)計(jì) 23 系統(tǒng)模擬畫面設(shè)計(jì) 24 報(bào)警顯示畫面設(shè)計(jì) 25 系統(tǒng)目錄畫面設(shè)計(jì) 26 PLC程序控制器 26 程序流程 26 PLC程序設(shè)計(jì) 27第5章 程序調(diào)試及模擬 31 HMI模擬調(diào)試 31 登錄畫面和主畫面的模擬 31 參數(shù)設(shè)置畫面模擬 32 操作畫面模擬 34 淬火畫面模擬 35 PLC調(diào)試 35結(jié) 論 42謝 辭 43參考文獻(xiàn) 44附 錄 45外文資料翻譯 49前 言隨著社會的發(fā)展和科技的不斷進(jìn)步，對很多工件尤其是齒輪類、軸類質(zhì)量的要求越來越苛刻，這些零件在各類機(jī)械設(shè)備中起著非常重要的作用，這就要求我們對生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的要求也越來越高。在觸摸屏界面上可以選擇生產(chǎn)的工件型號，對生產(chǎn)過程中的一些參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置，將寫好的PLC程序下載到PLC程序控制器[20]，利用觸摸屏的讀取存儲器地址與PLC內(nèi)部寄存器地址相對應(yīng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)觸摸屏就可以控制生產(chǎn)操作過程。 第1章 概述 曲軸的簡介曲軸是是發(fā)動機(jī)上的一個重要的機(jī)件，是飛機(jī)引擎的主要旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)件，裝上連桿后，可承接連桿的上下運(yùn)動變成循環(huán)運(yùn)動。曲軸的構(gòu)造如圖11所示，正由于曲軸在發(fā)動機(jī)的重要作用和特殊的工作環(huán)境，決定了其制造工藝和制造設(shè)備的特殊性。2．中頻感應(yīng)加熱電流的頻率范圍2500~8000千赫，淬硬層深度2~10毫米, 加熱層深度為2~8毫米，多用于大模數(shù)齒輪、直徑較大的軸類和冷軋輥等工件的表面淬火3．工頻感應(yīng)加熱電流頻率為50赫茲，淬硬層深度可達(dá)10~15毫米，適用于較大直徑零件的穿透加熱及大直徑零件如軋軸，火車車輪的表面淬火。渦流在加工器件內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生熱量，給工件進(jìn)行加熱。電流頻率越高，工件表層與內(nèi)部的電流密度差則越大，加熱層越薄。這種感應(yīng)電流在曲軸表面上的分布是不均勻的，曲軸表層的電流密度很高，由外向內(nèi)逐漸減小（沿工件截面的電流密度分布），這種現(xiàn)象成為集膚效應(yīng)[3]。當(dāng)工件表面在感應(yīng)圈內(nèi)加熱到相變溫度時，立即噴水或者浸水冷卻，實(shí)現(xiàn)曲軸表面淬火。3．旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)啟動，帶動曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，加熱淬火，延時一定時間，這樣保證邊旋轉(zhuǎn)邊加熱淬火，使受熱均勻，提高曲軸的淬火質(zhì)量。 曲軸感應(yīng)淬火裝置設(shè)計(jì)方案 方案介紹 淬火裝置的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的方案有很多：有以PLC為核心的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，還有以單片機(jī)為核心的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，以及以計(jì)算機(jī)為核心的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，以PLC為核心的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)比較可靠，與HMI結(jié)合，更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化和自動化，所以本設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有HMI和PLC構(gòu)成[4]。對感應(yīng)加熱過程的熱處理參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時監(jiān)控，包括：加熱電源輸出電壓，電流，功率、加熱時間等，以及冷卻水的溫度、流量、流速等。本控制系統(tǒng)中觸摸屏采用臺達(dá)DOPA系列，PLC采用臺達(dá)DVPEH2系列，伺服電動機(jī)及伺服控制器采用臺達(dá)B系列產(chǎn)品，控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)主要包括生產(chǎn)線供電電路、PLC主機(jī)外部接線、PLC擴(kuò)展模塊外部接線、PLC模擬量輸入模塊外部接線、淬火液循環(huán)電氣控制系統(tǒng)[7]、外部操作設(shè)備與PLC的連接電路、PLC與HMI的外部連線、PLC與伺服控制器連接電路、溫度檢測電路等。圖32 外圍接線圖 PLC簡介 PLC的種類及特點(diǎn)三菱PLC：不僅結(jié)構(gòu)靈活，而且不受環(huán)境的限制，有電即可組建網(wǎng)絡(luò)，同時可以靈活擴(kuò)展接入端口數(shù)量，使資源保持較高的利用率，在移動性方面可與WLAN媲美；傳輸質(zhì)量高、速度快、帶寬穩(wěn)定；范圍廣，低成本，適用廣。因每種品牌配置不一樣，所以它的選型方式也有所差異。確定機(jī)型時，還要結(jié)合市場情況，考察PLC生產(chǎn)廠家的產(chǎn)品及其售后服務(wù)、技術(shù)支持、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信等綜合情況，選定性能價(jià)格比好一些的PLC機(jī)型。及模擬信號輸出部分接受來自PLC主機(jī)的2組12位數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)[7]，再將數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為2點(diǎn)模擬信號輸出（電壓或電流皆可）模塊內(nèi)具有49個CR寄存器，每個寄存器有16 bits。如果模擬量多，或者熱電阻、電偶，要選DVPSS系列，如果功能強(qiáng)，選擇DVPEH系列。其PLC資源分配情況如下表31和32所示：1．M定義：起到一個中間繼電器[11]的作用，通電接通后使相應(yīng)的電動機(jī)線圈帶電。HMI軟件一般分為兩部分，即運(yùn)行于HMI硬件中的系統(tǒng)軟件和運(yùn)行于PC機(jī)Windows操作系統(tǒng)下的畫面組態(tài)軟件[11]。3． 旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)受Y005的控制，當(dāng)對曲軸加熱淬火時，旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)帶動曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，使曲軸受熱均勻，提高淬火質(zhì)量。 變頻器的選型變頻器選型時要確定以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．采用變頻的目的，恒壓控制或恒流控制等。因此用于高速電機(jī)的變頻器的選型，其容量要稍大于普通電機(jī)的選型。 the operation that list depends the artificial has already can39。s brain and calculators, with the mode that person39。 The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to bee tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and data, the ROM can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU putes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.The PLC anti interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer bee the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to e to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy prehended the PLC language, and a lot of non electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people prehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept。 to be good very.At a lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that can39。 A work of half is also 2 and can send out similar to accept the data, but can39。t do other works.When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and bine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo e together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue plete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person