【正文】 od from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship. 第一條本公約所用下列各詞，涵義如下： (a) “承運(yùn)人”包括與托運(yùn)人訂有運(yùn)輸合同的船舶所有人或租船人。 (d) “船舶”是指用于海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏未啊?. Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried. 2．除遵照第四條規(guī)定外，承運(yùn)人應(yīng)適當(dāng)和謹(jǐn)慎地裝卸、搬運(yùn)、積載、運(yùn)送、保管、照料和卸載所運(yùn)貨物。 但是，承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人，不一定必須將任何貨物的標(biāo)志、號(hào)碼、數(shù)量或重量表明或標(biāo)示在提單上，如果他有合理根據(jù)懷疑提單不能正確代表實(shí)際收到的貨物，或無適當(dāng)方法進(jìn)行核對(duì)的話。6. Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the port of discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage, or, if the loss or damage be not apparent, within three days, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of lading. If the loss or damage is not apparent, the notice must be given within three days of the delivery of the goods. The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods has, at the time of their receipt, been the subject of joint survey or inspection. In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods. 6．在將貨物移交給根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同有權(quán)收貨的人之前或當(dāng)時(shí)，除非在卸貨港將貨物的滅失和損害的一般情況，已用書面通知承運(yùn)人或其代理人，則這種移交應(yīng)作為承運(yùn)人已按照提單規(guī)定交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。遇有任何實(shí)際的或推定的滅失或損害，承運(yùn)人與收貨人必須為檢驗(yàn)和清點(diǎn)貨物相互給予一切合理便利。8. Any clause, covenant, or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods arising from negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations provided in this Article or lessening such liability otherwise than as provided in this Convention, shall be null and void and of no effect. A benefit of insurance in favour of the carrier or similar clause shall be deemed to be a clause relieving the carrier from liability. 8．運(yùn)輸合同中的任何條款、約定或協(xié)議，凡是解除承運(yùn)人或船舶對(duì)由于疏忽、過失或未履行本條規(guī)定的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，因而引起貨物或關(guān)于貨物的滅失或損害的責(zé)任的，或以下同于本公約的規(guī)定減輕這種責(zé)任的，則一律無效。2. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss or damage arising or resulting from: (a) Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship. (b) Fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier. (c) Perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters. (d) Act of God. (e) Act of war. (f) Act of public enemies. (g) Arrest or restraint or princes, rulers or people, or seizure under legal process. (h) Quarantine restrictions. (i) Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his agent or representative. (j) Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatever cause, whether partial or general. (k) Riots and civil motions. (l) Saving or attempting to save life or property at sea. (m) Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods. (n) Insufficiency of packing. (o) Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks. (p) Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence. (q) Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier, or without the actual fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss or damage. 2．不論承運(yùn)人或船舶，對(duì)由于下列原因引起或造成的滅失或損壞，都不負(fù)責(zé)： (a) 船長、船員、引水員或承運(yùn)人的雇傭人員，在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的行為、疏忽或不履行義務(wù)； (b) 火災(zāi)，但由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀所引起的除外； (c) 海上或其它可航水域的災(zāi)難、危險(xiǎn)和意外事故； (d) 天災(zāi)； (e) 戰(zhàn)爭行為； (f) 公敵行為； (g) 君主、當(dāng)權(quán)者或人民的扣留或管制，或依法扣押； (h) 檢疫限制； (i) 托運(yùn)人或貨主、其代理人或代表的行為或不行為； (j) 不論由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罷工、關(guān)廠停止或限制工作； (k) 暴動(dòng)和騷亂； (l) 救助或企圖救助海上人命或財(cái)產(chǎn)； (m) 由于貨物的固有缺點(diǎn)、質(zhì)量或缺陷引起的體積或重量虧損，或任何其它滅失或損壞； (n) 包裝不充分； (o) 標(biāo)志不清或不當(dāng)； (p) 雖克盡職責(zé)亦不能發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在缺點(diǎn)；(q) 非由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀，或者承運(yùn)人的代理人，或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用這條免責(zé)利益的人應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)舉證，證明有關(guān)的滅失或損壞既非由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀，亦非承運(yùn)人的代理人或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所造成；3. The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or his servants. 、托運(yùn)人的代理人或其雇傭人員的行為、過失或疏忽所引起的使承運(yùn)人或船舶遭受的滅失或損壞，托運(yùn)人不負(fù)責(zé)任。 經(jīng)承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人與托運(yùn)人雙方協(xié)議，可規(guī)定不同于本款規(guī)定的另一最高限額，但該最高限額不