【正文】 es, it is better to be sparing than extravagant. In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than in minute attention to observances. 子曰 : 「夷狄之有君 , 不如諸夏之亡也 .」 The Master said, The rude tribes of the east and north have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them. 季氏旅於泰山 .子謂冉有曰 : 「女弗能救與 ? 」對曰 : 「不能 !」 子曰 : 「嗚呼 ! 曾謂泰山 , 不如林放乎 ? 」 The chief of the Chi family was about to sacrifice to the T39。其或繼周者 , 雖百世可知也 .」 Tsze chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known. Confucius said, The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Hsia: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chau dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but though it should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known. 子曰 : 「非其鬼而祭之 , 諂也 .見義不為 , 無勇也 .」 The Master said, For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery.To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage. 3 八佾 第三 孔子謂季氏 : 「八佾舞於庭 , 是可忍也 , 孰不可忍也 ? 」 7 Confucius said of the head of the Chi family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, If he can bear to do this, what may he not bear to do? 三家者以 雍 徹 .子曰 : 「『相維辟公 , 天子穆穆』 , 奚取於三家之堂 ? 」 The three families used the Yungode, while the vessels were being removed, at the conclusion of the sacrifice. The Master said, 39。 then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous. 或謂孔子 曰 : 「子奚不為政 .」子曰 : 「 書 云 : 『孝乎 !惟孝 , 友于兄弟 , 施於有政 .』是亦為政 , 奚其為為政 ? 」子曰 : 「人而無信 , 不知其可也 .大車無輗 , 小車無輭 , 其何以行之哉 ? 」 Some one addressed Confucius, saying, Sir, why are you not engaged in the government? The Master said, What does the Shu ching say of filial piety?39。舉枉錯諸直 , 則民不服 .」 The Duke Ai asked, saying, What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people? Confucius replied, Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit. 季康子問 : 「使民敬、忠以勸 , 如之何 ? 」 子曰 : 「臨之以莊則敬 , 孝慈則忠 , 舉善而教不能則勸 .」 Chi K39。 thought without learning is perilous. 子曰 : 「攻乎異端 , 斯害也已 .」 The Master said, The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed! 子曰 : 「由 , 誨女知之乎 ? 知之為知之 , 不 知為不知 , 是知也 .」 The Master said, Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it。s parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support。ih said, What did you mean? The Master replied, That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety。死 , 葬之以禮 , 祭之以禮 .」 Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, It is not being disobedient. Soon after, as Fan Ch39。 I will be afflicted that I do not know men. 2 為政 第二 子曰 : 「為政以德 , 譬如北辰 , 居其所 , 而眾星共之 .」 共 :拱 ,北辰 :北極星 The Master said, He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be pared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. 子曰 : 「 詩 三百 , 一言以蔽之 , 曰 : 『思無邪』 .」 The Master said, In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence 39。As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.39。因不失其親 , 亦可宗也 .」 復 :兌 現 , 因 :動機 ,親 :私心 The philosopher Yu said, When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man 3 leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters. 子曰 : 「君子食無求飽 , 居無求安 , 敏於事而慎於言 , 就有道而正焉 , 可謂好學也已 .」 The Master said,He who aims to be a man of plete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease。三年無改於父之道 , 可謂孝矣 .」 The Master said, While a man39。then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence. 子禽問於子貢曰 : 「夫子至於是邦也 , 必聞其政 .求之與 ? 抑與之與 ? 」 子貢曰 :「夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之 .夫子之求之也 ,其諸異乎人之求之與 !」 Tsze ch39。 if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength。 whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher. 子曰 : 「道千乘之國 , 敬事而信 , 節(jié)用而愛人 , 使民以時 .」 The Master said, To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity。whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere。雖曰未學 ,吾必謂之學矣 .」 (看到 賢人就肅然起敬 ) Tsze hsia said, If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous。過則勿憚改 .」 重 :解釋為自尊 ,自重 , 有信心 . 不是嚴肅的意思 . 無友 :不要看不起別人 . The Master said, If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them. 曾子曰 : 「慎終追遠 , 民德歸厚矣 !」 有好的結果不如有好的開始 , The philosopher Tsang said, Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice。父沒觀其行 。恭近於禮 , 遠恥辱也 。 but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety. Tsze kung replied, It is said in the Book of Poetry, 39。s not knowing me。道之以德 , 齊之以禮 , 有恥且格 .」 The Master said, If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will bee good. 4 子曰 :「吾十有五而志于學 ,三十而立 ,四十而不惑 ,五十而知天命 ,六十而耳順 ,七