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正確認(rèn)識(shí)無(wú)創(chuàng)正壓通氣在治療呼吸衰竭中的地位-全文預(yù)覽

  

【正文】 is carinii pneumonia 70 50 Immunosuppressed diseases 2022/6/23 40 Immunosuppressed diseases ?The reduced mortality is likely related to reduced infectious plications associated with NIV use pared with endotracheal intubation ?Ventilatorassociated pneumonia ?Other nosoial infections ?Septic shock ?These data support NIV as the preferred initial ventilatory modality for these patients, to avoid intubation and its associated risks. Intensive Care Med 1999。283:235241 Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid an transplantation: a randomized trial 2022/6/23 36 Immunosuppressed diseases 與傳統(tǒng)治療比較, NIPPV 能夠顯著降低氣管插管率( 20% vs 70%, p=)、致死性并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率( 20% vs 50%, p=)、生存者 ICU住院時(shí)間( 20% vs 50%, p= ) 。 35(10):2402–2407 2022/6/23 31 ? NPPV可改善心源性肺水腫患者的氣促癥狀,改善心功能,降低氣管插管率和病死率( A級(jí)) ? 首選 CPAP,而 BiPAP可應(yīng)用于 CPAP治療失敗和 PaCO245mmHg的患者 ? 目前多數(shù)研究結(jié)果認(rèn)為 BiPAP不增加心肌梗死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但對(duì)于急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征合并心力衰竭患者仍應(yīng)慎用 BiPAP Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (cont) 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)呼吸病分會(huì)推薦意見: 中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志 . 2022。359:14251. Place: Emergency Department Interface: Fullface mask (CPAP or NIPPV) Aim: SaO292% 2022/6/23 28 Preface N Engl J Med. 2022。 28。 57:192211 ? 因?yàn)?NIPPV不僅能改善氣體交換 ,而且通過(guò)促進(jìn)左心室后負(fù)荷下降從而具有改善心功能的作用。意識(shí)不清、休克、氣道自潔能力障礙的 ALI/ARDS 患者不宜應(yīng)用 NIV。 35(1):18 –25 In expert centers, NPPV applied as firstline intervention in ARDS avoided intubation in 54% of treated patients. In patients with SAPS 34, those with a PaO2/FIO2 175 after 1 hr of NPPV will likely benefit from continuation of NPPV 2022/6/23 18 ALI/ARDS (cont) Failure of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute lung injury: observational cohort study Critical Care 2022, 10:R79 2022/6/23 19 ALI/ARDS (cont) Failure of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute lung injury: observational cohort study Critical Care 2022, 10:R79 ? 在對(duì)沒有合并休克的的 ALI患者就氧合指數(shù)、代謝性酸堿指數(shù)和APACHEIII進(jìn)行多元逐步回歸分析,其中代謝性酸中毒( OR:)和嚴(yán)重低氧血癥( OR:)是預(yù)測(cè) NPPV失敗的主要決定因素 ? NIPPV治療失敗的患者其病死率遠(yuǎn)高于 APACHEIII預(yù)測(cè)的病死率( 68% vs. 39%, p ) ? 但是 NPPV成功的患者無(wú)一例死亡 2022/6/23 20 ALI/ARDS (cont) 中國(guó)危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué) .2022。20(1):S85–S99. 2022/6/23 10 ? 理論上講 , 具有完善監(jiān)測(cè)與報(bào)警功能的大型多功能呼吸機(jī)(critical care ventilator) 以及專用無(wú)創(chuàng)呼吸機(jī)均可用于NPPV ? 對(duì)于應(yīng)用密閉性能較好的全面罩和頭罩可嘗試應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)的有創(chuàng)多功能呼吸機(jī)進(jìn)行 NPPV ? 而應(yīng)用密閉性能較差的鼻罩和口鼻面罩簡(jiǎn)易應(yīng)用漏氣補(bǔ)償效果較好的專用無(wú)創(chuàng)呼吸機(jī)進(jìn)行 NPPV治療 Ventilator selection 2022/6/23 11 臨床應(yīng)用 2022/6/23 12 急性低氧性呼吸衰竭 2022/6/23 13 ALI/ARDS ? ARDS是臨床最為常見的重癥呼吸衰竭疾患,病情發(fā)展快,病死率較高,也是臨床研究的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 ? 由于 ARDS是以頑固性進(jìn)行性低氧血癥為主要表現(xiàn),機(jī)械通氣治療通過(guò)促進(jìn)肺泡復(fù)張和維持肺泡和周圍毛細(xì)血管的氧降梯度從而改善氧合為針對(duì)疾病的病因治療爭(zhēng)取寶貴的時(shí)間 2022/6/23 14 ALI/ARDS (cont) Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: Breaking down the final frontier? Crit Care Med. 2022。41:1619 2022/6/23 4 解立新 . 中國(guó)醫(yī)刊 .2022。35(3):977978. Noninvasive positive pressureventilation (NPPV) has bee a standard therapy for the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in select populations and is increasingly being used in the critical care and acute care setting 2022/6/23 3 解立新 . 中國(guó)醫(yī)刊 .2022。20(1):S85–S99. 2022/6/23 9 Interface of NIV J Aerosol Med. 2022。 35(1):18 –25 A multiplecenter su
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