【正文】 K 8 K 9 K 10 2 References Concs K: PKC References Figure Name Conc K PKC_inactive 1 1. Review: Y. Nishizuka, Nature 334, 661 (1988) 2. J. D. Schaechter and L. I. Benowitz, J. , 4361 (1993) 3. T. Shinomura, Y. Asaoka, M. Oka, K. Yoshida, Y. Nishizuka, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. . 88, 5149 (1991) U. Kikkawa, Y. Takai, R. Minakuchi, S. Inohara, Y. Nishizuka, J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13341 (1982). A. Block diagram of activation for PKC pathway by Ca2+, AA and DAG. ? built up simulations iteratively: ? First: matched AA activation of PKC at zero Ca. ? Then: matched activation of PKC with Ca at zero AA, ? Third: matched the curves in B with 1 uM Ca and varying AA. ? Four: test the match for C, with varying Ca and 50 uM AA. ? Last:incorporated DAG interactions into the model. B: Activation of PKC by AA, with (triangles) or without (squares) 1 mM Ca2+. ? Open symbols and dashed lines represent simulations, solid symbols and solid lines are experimental data. Shows:Ca2+ is necessary for the activation of PKC. ?experimental concentrationeffect curves from two main sources: ?J. D. Schaechter and L. I. Benowitz, J. Neurosci. 13, 4361 (1993)。 Ca2+ /CaM PKC* 使各種受體，膜蛋白，收縮蛋白，細(xì)胞骨架蛋白，核蛋白和酶類的 絲氨酸或蘇氨酸殘基磷酸化 ，從而影響細(xì)胞代謝、生長和分化。 ? 快速引起 medium 堿化 From the followings support the idea that peptide and nonpeptide hormoneactivated signaling cascades are linked in plants as they are in animals: ? 植物生長素類似 5－羥色胺，乙烯類似一氧化碳， 油菜素類固醇是類固醇，茉莉酮酸與前列腺素相關(guān)； ? Systemininduced wound response is regulated through the octadecanoid pathway, involving jasmonic acid。Networks of Biological Signaling Pathways 信號傳遞網(wǎng)絡(luò) 康海岐 高方遠(yuǎn) 馬欣榮 一、生物體內(nèi)的信號傳遞 ? 1. The sense of signal transduction： ? intercelluar information exchange,regulation of metobolism, on body level ? 2. Type of signals： ? neuroregulation: neurotransmitter(乙酰膽堿 ,胺類 ? 氨基酸 ,調(diào)節(jié)肽類等 ),neuroregulator ? chemical signals： cAMP, Ca2+ , hormone， ? 3. Mechanisms: ? pr. ←→p r., ? E reaction(177。 Tobacco systemin: Tob sys I, Tob sys II 1） tomato systemin: 由食草動物損傷后引起的系統(tǒng) 損傷反應(yīng) ( a systemic wounding response) ? 在懸浮培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞中可以激活促細(xì)胞分裂蛋白激酶 [mitogenactivated protein(MAP) kinase] ? 并誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基地堿化 (alkalinization) ? 誘導(dǎo)蛋白酶抑制蛋白編碼基因的表達(dá) (induce expression of proteinaseinhibitor proteinencoding genes) 3. 功能： 2） tobacco systemin Tob I and Tob II: 激活 MAP kinase，但不誘導(dǎo)蛋白酶抑制蛋白編碼 基因的表達(dá) 3） RALF (rapid alkalinizaton factor): ? 激活 MAP kinase，但不誘導(dǎo)蛋白酶抑制蛋白編碼 基因的表達(dá) 。 一、生物體內(nèi)的信號傳遞 ? IP3 system Hermone/neurotransmitter G protein PLC PIP2 IP3+DAG CaM mAChR,EGFR,insulinR,adrenergicαR , 組胺 R,5羥色胺 R,多肽激素 R [Ca2+] PKC等蛋白激酶，磷酸酯酶，核苷酸環(huán)化酶，離子通道蛋白，肌肉收縮蛋白等依賴Ca2+ /CaM的蛋白。 激活蛋白激酶活性，自身與tyrosine殘基磷酸化 ,促進(jìn) cell生長和分化。 ? Filled triangles:cAMP(fixed at resting concentrations → prevent PKA activity ↑). 2.(2) (B) Activation of CaMKII. ? The initial increase in intracellular Ca2+ caused an activation of CaMKII, AC1,and CaN through CaM binding and of PKA through increase in cAMP produced through activation of AC1AC8. ? cAMP ↑→ PKA activation→ PP1↓ → CaMKII ↑ ? The presence of a cAMPoperated gate leads to a large increase in the amplitude of the CaMKII response and prolongation of its activity. Nevertheless, it does not lead to a persistent activation of CaMKII. 2.(2) (C) Activation of PKA. AC1AC8 binding to Ca/CaM ↓ producing cAMP. ↓ PKA activity rises sharply Otherwise,its activity: don’t rise 2.(2) (D) Activity of PP1. ? [ Ca/CaM ↑ + cAMP(fixed)] → CaN activation ↑ →smalltransients ? cAMP fixed