【正文】 ( Walt Whitman ) 譯文 : 哦， 船長(zhǎng)！ 我的 船長(zhǎng)！ 哦，船長(zhǎng)！我的船長(zhǎng)！我們險(xiǎn)惡的航程，已告結(jié)束， 我們的船安渡驚濤駭浪，我們尋求的獎(jiǎng)賞已贏得手中， 港灣已經(jīng)不遠(yuǎn)，鐘聲我已聽見，萬千人眾在歡呼吶喊， 目迎著我們的船從容返航，我們的船威武，而且勇敢， 可是，心??！心??！心啊！ 哦，殷紅的血滴在流瀉！ 在甲板上，那里躺著我的船長(zhǎng)， 他已倒下，已死去，已冷卻。在翻譯中，譯者也用相應(yīng)的語體再現(xiàn)，切近原文的風(fēng)格，且對(duì)仗工整，也具有了別樣的美。毛先生借楊萬里詩 “ 小荷才露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上頭 ” ，取其意境，轉(zhuǎn)換意象，由朦朧到清晰，形象鮮明生動(dòng)，浮現(xiàn)眼前。 二、 意象美 1） 為女民兵題照 颯爽英姿五尺槍，曙光初照演兵場(chǎng)。 譯文 : 律師們?yōu)楹嗡卟缓茫恳驗(yàn)樗麄円粫?huì)兒這邊倒，一會(huì)兒那邊倒，所以總是睡不著。 || 許多人固定在一段短時(shí)間內(nèi)用餐，而在正餐時(shí)間之外想吃東西的人，可供選擇的食物就很少。|| 樹木長(zhǎng)得相當(dāng)濃密，要想穿過去實(shí)在是不易。 ? 在關(guān)系代詞前切斷分譯 ? This secretary was aware|| that final decisions must be held open for the general manager. ? 5）這位秘書心中明白， || 最終的拍板還得靠總經(jīng)理。 || 老頭兒看見它的眼珠已經(jīng)沒有生氣了，但是它又翻滾了一下，滾得它自己又被繩子纏了兩道。 5. Inversion (詞序調(diào)整） ? Inversion means the necessary or even inevitable change of wordorder in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. 1) 我你他 2）衣食住 3）東南西北 4）男女老少 5）分清敵我 6）鋼鐵工業(yè) 7）回憶馬克思 8）救死扶傷 1） you, he and I 2) food, clothing and housing 3) north, south, east and west 4) men, women, young and old 5) Draw a clear distinction between ourselves and the enemy 6) The iron and steel industry 7) Reminiscences of Marx 8) Heal the wounded, rescue the dying. 9) 我們從來沒有看見過這樣光明的前途。 4) 立即出發(fā)，刻不容緩。 3)雖然 空氣 看不見，但我們周圍處處是空氣。 4）兩個(gè)星期以來，他一直注意房子的情況，查看各個(gè)房間、留心電路的走向以及通道和花園的布局。 2. Omission （省略） ? It doesn39。 ? 5）、小不忍則亂大謀。 ? 翻譯的一般步驟 : ? 理清句子主干 ? 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換隨便 ? 表達(dá)符合習(xí)慣 ? 再現(xiàn)原文重點(diǎn) 第六講 常用翻譯技術(shù) (增詞 ) ? Amplification means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of an accurate prehension of the original. ? 請(qǐng)看譯例 : ? 1)、沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。 ? 名詞處理 A famous singer, she is very popular in China. ? 她是中國非常著名的歌唱家。 5. 在電影院變成一片漆黑的一剎那間，聚光燈照在徐徐打開的帷幕上，常常在音樂的伴奏下，顯露出影片的片名。 作業(yè) 1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 2. As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship. 3. Put into an old Chinese proverb, it means that one will never find it difficult to do anything until one has experienced it. 4. A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them. 5. As soon as the cinema is in darkness, spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often to the acpaniment of music to reveal the title of the cinema. ? 參考答案： 1. 天氣很好，我們爬山去了。這病使她多么羨慕人家的健康， 見一葉飄零，隨風(fēng)入室，便多愁善感。 ? I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. 我瘋狂地愛上了她，她也瘋狂地愛上了我。 Chinese is paratactic. . An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. ? 一個(gè)英國人，不會(huì)說中國話，有一次在中國旅行。氏視十獅，恃矢勢(shì)，使十獅逝死。（李白） Drawing sword, cut into water, water again flows。 無情最是臺(tái)城柳， 依舊煙籠十里堤。（辛棄疾） Beyond the clouds seven or eight stars twinkle, Before the hills two or three raindrops sparkle. (許淵沖 譯） . 2： 人曾為僧；人弗能成佛， 女卑為婢；女又可成奴。 鳩摩羅什 。 3) 15% on the course materials. V. The characteristics of translation: 1) A translation is never finished, it is always slightly but significantly depend on the interpretant or different interpretants, or the same one at another point of time and mood. 2) SL and TL cultural backgrounds are essential subjects in a university translation course. 3) Principles and methods of translation is the core of any fulltime vocational translation program. 4) A poor translator will translate the words as though they were isolated, will swallow any idiom or metaphor whole, or will write the kind of nonsense that makes sense but that can’t be visualised in any setting. VI. The relationship between student and teacher: 1) It has to be interactive, not passive。 2) 20% on the course design。 4) The best teaching is hesitant. Lecture One The Four High Tides in the Translation History of China ? The Buddhist translations during the Han and Tang dynasties. Dao An(道安 )。 Xu YuanChong（許淵沖） 印度那爛陀大學(xué) (被建為玄奘取經(jīng)圣地 ) 翻譯家許淵沖 其他中外翻譯名家 David Hawkes 楊憲益 傅雷 錢鐘書 錢鐘書故里 錢鐘書 季羨林 石林 毛榮貴 呂俊 王宏印 孫迎春 Lecture Two Classic Cases of Translation I. translations with the reproduction of form and spirit (形神兼?zhèn)?) . 1: 七八個(gè)星天外， 兩三點(diǎn)雨山前。 ： 臺(tái)城 江雨霏霏江草齊， 六朝如夢(mèng)鳥空啼。 a memory still alive, perhaps, in the birds that start crying every spring—to what avail? Most heartless are the willows. Draped in gauze, they dance, gay as ever, on the dikes around the former palace grounds. （翁顯良 譯） III. Translations with the form preserved but meaning distorted (得形忘義 ) .: 抽刀斷水水更流， 舉杯消愁愁更愁。十時(shí)，適十獅適市。 ： Able was I ere I saw Elba. Lecture Three History of Translation Studies Translation Studies Translatology Philological phase Linguistic phase Cultural phase interdisciplinary phase Lecture Four Nine Differences between English and Chinese ? English is hypotactic。而漢語則青睞動(dòng)詞。 ? English favors long pound sentences； Chinese short sentences. . Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room. ? 這種病使她特別敏感不安，她越發(fā)急切于抓住人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福擠到最后的一滴而后已。 ? English favors word formation； Chinese has no such function. .: More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood, not joblessness, was the key problem. ? 最近，由于堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為是未婚母親而不是失業(yè)才是問題癥結(jié)所在，他使