【正文】 46 Example: Brownell Cleaners ? RelativeAggregateScores Approach Factor Automation Factors Weight GCS1 GCS2 Economic factors Annual savings .30 $21,600 $26,700 Other factors Score Score Market share .30 .700 .800 Service quality .15 .600 .700 Labor relations .15 .500 .800 Implementation time .10 .700 .600 47 Example: Brownell Cleaners ? RelativeAggregateScores Approach GCS1 GCS2 Factor Wgt. Wgt. Automation Factors Weight Score Score Score Score Economic factors Annual savings .30 .300 .809 .243 Other factors Market share .30 .700 .210 .800 .240 Service quality .15 .600 .090 .700 .105 Labor relations .15 .500 .075 .800 .120 Implementation time .10 .700 .070 .600 .060 Total Aggregate Score .745 .768 21,600/26,700 48 WrapUp: WorldClass Practice ? WorldClass panies utilize the latest technologies/practices. For example: ? Design products to be automationfriendly ? Use CAD/CAM for designing products ? Convert fixed automation to flexible automation ? Move towards smaller batch sizes ? Plan for automation ? Build teams to develop automated systems ? Justify automation based on multiple factors 49 End of Chapter 6 。 $75,300。1 1 2 0 0 2 So u t h W e st e rn / T h o mso n L e a rn i n g TMS l i d e s p r e p a r e db y J o h n L o u c k s2 Chapter 6 Operations Technologies 3 Overview ? Introduction ? Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Automated Production Systems ? Software Systems for Automation ? Automation in Services ? Automation Issues ? Deciding Among Automation Alternatives ? WrapUp: What WorldClass Companies Do 4 Introduction ? In the past, automation meant the replacement of human effort with machine effort, to save labor costs. ? Today, automation means integrating a full range of advanced information and engineering discoveries into operations processes for strategic purposes. ? Today, automation is applied not only for labor cost savings, but also for: ? Improved quality ? Faster production and delivery of products/services ? Increased flexibility 5 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Machine Attachments ? Inexpensive addons to machines ? Represent oldest technology in automation ? Typically perform one or a few simple operations ? Examples: ? Strip feeders ? Quick centering and grasping devices 6 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Numerically Controlled (N/C) Machines ? Have a control system that receives/reads instructions and translates them into machine operations ? N/C machines have evolved: ? CN/C – puter numerically controlled ? DN/C – direct numerically controlled (several machines controlled by a single puter) ? Examples: ? Weaving machines ? Lathes 7 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Robots ? Humanlike machines performing production tasks ? Brain of these machines is a microputer ? Have grippers (vacuum, magized, adhesive) ? Have sensors (tactile, proximity, vision/optical) ? Can operate in environments hostile to humans (heat, noise, dust