【正文】 ................................................................... 8 滑臺(tái)與 PLC、旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器、步進(jìn)電機(jī)的連接 ...................................................... 9 硬件電路原理圖 ...................................................................................................... 9 4 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................................................11 PLC 主程序 .............................................................................................................11 觸摸屏程序 ........................................................................................................... 16 5 設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的安裝與調(diào)試 ...................................................................................................... 22 安裝調(diào)試 ................................................................................................................ 22 總結(jié) ........................................................................................................................ 23 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................ 25 謝 辭 ........................................................................................................................................ 26 臨沂大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1 1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi) 容 本設(shè)計(jì)為 基于 PLC 和觸摸屏的電動(dòng)機(jī)速度 PID 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ，主要任務(wù)為在觸摸屏的控制、顯示下，由旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器與 PLC自帶的 PID 模塊形成的數(shù)字量閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，控制兩相步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)珠絲桿滑臺(tái)做勻速、加、減速的自動(dòng)往返運(yùn)動(dòng)，并可通過出觸摸屏、撥碼盤進(jìn)行兩地電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的實(shí)時(shí)設(shè)定。 the number of step pulse, can carry out precise positioning of the motor. PLC from being published in industrial production plays an important role, with the development of science and technology, new products are emerging, the position of the PLC although subject to certain impact, but it can still plete the industrial control requirements of more than 80%, and in many of the advantages of small size, convenient operation, low price, strong antiinterference ability still in industrial production plays an important role in. The touch screen is an input device of emerging, it is a manmachine interactive way to the most simple, convenient, natural, bined with PLC controller is an inevitable trend of the future industrial automation. Rotary encoder is a device for signal conversion angular displacement or linear displacement, the former is called the encoder, which is referred to as the yardstick. Dial the digital input device is simple, and cheap to use, is suitable for various occasions. Touch screen with the design to the PLC instruction, issued by PLC pulse signal is transmitted to the step motor driver, driver to drive the stepper motor drives the screw slide uniform roundtrip, acceleration and deceleration motion, through the realtime setting touch screen and can realize the speed dial. The rotary encoder is connected with the stepping motor by a coupling coaxial, the measured value is transmitted to the PLC, a PLC receiving data realtime display calculated transmitted touch screen for speed, on the other hand the PID builtin PLC modules for the closedloop digital control, accurate control, adjustment of the motor speed. Keywords: PLC。撥碼盤目前最為簡(jiǎn)便快捷的數(shù)字量輸入設(shè)備，而且便宜能用，適用于各種場(chǎng)合。所以步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速與脈沖信號(hào)的頻率成正比，控制脈沖信號(hào)的頻率，就可以對(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行精確調(diào)速；控制步進(jìn)脈沖的個(gè)數(shù)，就可以對(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行精確定位。步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器就是接受控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的脈沖信號(hào)（一般為 PLC 或單片機(jī)）并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為步進(jìn)電機(jī)的角位移 ,也就是控制系統(tǒng)每發(fā)一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào) ,驅(qū)動(dòng)器就控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)一步距角。旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器是將角位移或直線位移進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的一種裝置，并以電信號(hào)的形式輸出，前者稱為碼盤，后者稱為碼尺。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： PLC；步進(jìn)電機(jī)；步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器；旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器；觸摸屏 臨沂大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II Abstract Stepper motor is the executive body of the pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement, under normal operating conditions, the motor speed, the stop position depends on the pulse signal frequency and pulse number, is not affected by the change of load. Stepper motor driver is the pulse signal from the control system ( usually PLC or MCU) into angular displacement of stepping motor control system, also is each send a pulse signal, the driver makes the step motor step angle. So the stepper motor speed and the frequency of the pulse signal is proportional to the frequency of the pulse signal, control, can carry out precise control of motor speed control。 Rotary encoder。 2 硬件電路的選擇 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 步進(jìn)電機(jī)工作原理及分類 步進(jìn)電機(jī)通過脈沖信號(hào)和反射到執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的相應(yīng)角位移或線位移的脈沖信號(hào)控制。步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制方式、基本原理都是一樣的，不同的是為了適用不同的場(chǎng)合、惡劣的環(huán)境等制作工藝不同等等。 同時(shí)也可以與角度反饋環(huán)節(jié)組成高性能的閉環(huán)數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)。 M （ 1） 式中 P為功率單位為瓦 w；Ω為每秒角速度，單位為弧度 rad； M 為力矩單位為 N/m。把負(fù)載的最小分辨率換算到電機(jī)軸上，得到每個(gè)最小分辨率下電機(jī)應(yīng)走多少角度（包括減速），步進(jìn)電機(jī)的步距角要等于或小于此角度。（三相電機(jī)）等。正常情況下，靜力矩為摩擦負(fù)載的 23 倍為佳，電機(jī)的機(jī)座及長(zhǎng)度隨靜力矩的選定而確定（幾何尺寸）。兩相步進(jìn)電機(jī)總共有 4根導(dǎo)線分別臨沂大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 3 對(duì)應(yīng) A+， A； B+,B； A+， A； B+,B可用數(shù)字萬用表測(cè)電阻獲得，有示數(shù)說明是同相，否則反之。 2)細(xì)分 步進(jìn)驅(qū)動(dòng)器的細(xì)分就是把步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩角進(jìn)行細(xì)分，如 57BYG 系列步進(jìn)電機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)矩角為 176。通過細(xì)分，可以提高電機(jī)的分辨率，更精確的控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的位置。 PLC 特點(diǎn)： 1）使用方便，編程簡(jiǎn)單 2）功能強(qiáng)大、性價(jià)比高 3）用戶使用方便，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng) 4）系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、調(diào)試工作量小 5）維護(hù)方便 臨沂大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 4 PLC 中 PID 的計(jì)算 三菱 FX2N