【正文】 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 29 1. business entity 2. accounts receivable 3. notes receivable 4. notes payable 5. business liabilities 6. creditors’ equity 7. written promise 8. legal obligation 9. accounting equation 10. owner’s equity 11. worth 12. total assets 13. balance sheet 14. statements of financial position 15. real estate pany 16. claims against the assets 17. corresponding decrease 18. business assets 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 30 Part 2. A Balance Sheet ABC’s balance sheet has nine sections. The first two sections show the items which were owned by ABC on 30 June 1998. These are its assets, and they fall into two groups. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 31 The first group of assets, fixed assets, prises items that ABC generally expects to keep for over a year. The main examples are tangible assets which include land and buildings, plants and machinery, tools and vehicles, and fixtures and fittings. ? fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn) ? tangible assets 有形資產(chǎn) 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 32 ABC also has some intangible assets such as patents, trade marks and brand names, all of which help it to sell its products。通過出售被叫做ABC所有者 股份 的證券 籌集 了 25,000萬英鎊，但這 25,000萬英鎊被分為 實(shí)收股份資本 和 股票溢價(jià)帳戶 。 ? revaluation reserve 重新定值的公積金 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 52 Suppose ABC finds that some of its assets, such as its land and buildings have recently risen in value, and suppose it wants to include the new value in item 1 of the balance sheet. Then the total value of item 5 will also rise. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 53 This means that the value of item 9 will be less than the value of item 5 unless some other change is made. So ABC will raise the value of the revaluation reserve by just enough to ensure that item 9 now equals the new item 5. Finally, note that the total value of section 8 is called total shareholders’ funds. ? total shareholders’ funds 股東基金總額 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 54 Table Balance Sheet for ABC plc as at 30 June 1998 Item (￡ m) 1. Fixed assets Tangible assets 600 Intangible assets 10 Fixedasset investments 70 680 plc=(public limited pany) （上市）股份有限公司 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 55 2. Current assets Stocks 50 Debtors 150 Shortterm investments 100 Cash at bank and in hand 20 320 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 56 3. Current liabilities – amount due within one year Shortterm borrowings (150) Other current creditors (50) (200) 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 57 4. Net current assets (23) 120 5. Total assets less current liabilities (=1+4) 800 6. Noncurrent liabilities – amounts due after more than one year Medium and longterm borrowings 45 Other noncurrent creditors 5 50 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 58 7. Provisions for liabilities and charges 5 5 8. Capital and reserves Calledup share capital 100 Share premium account 150 Profit and loss account 470 Revaluation reserve 25 Total shareholders’ funds 745 9. = 6+7+8 800 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 59 Exercises Turn the following into English: 1) balance sheet 2) fixed asset 3) intangible asset 4) current asset 5) accrued ine 6) current liabilities 7) value added tax 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 60 Multiple choice: 1)Tangible assets, which include land and buildings, plants and machinery, tools and vehicles, and fixtures and fittings are the main example of _____. A. fixed assets B. current assets C. intangible assets D. capital and reserves A 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 61 2) Current assets contains items which usually have a high rate of _________. A. interest B. exchange C. discount D. turnover. D 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 62 3) Stocks of raw materials and finished goods together with the value of any work in progress on unfinished products are included in the section of _______. A. fixed assets B. current assets C. current liabilities D. Noncurrent liabilities B 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 63 4) Current creditors cover any money owed to other businesses as _________ together with any money owed to the government. A. trade debt and accrued ine B. debtors C. trade credit and accruals D. creditors C 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 64 5)__________ are the sums that ABC owes to others but need not pay to them for at least one year. A. current liabilities B. noncurrent liabilities C. fixed assets D. current assets B 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 65 Part 3. Financial Statements The analysis of the transactions pletes, what is the next step in the accounting process? How does an accountant present the results of the analysis? ? transaction: 交易 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 66 We now look at the financial statements, which are formal reports of financial information about the entity. The primary financial statements are: (1) balance sheet (2) ine statement (3) statement of owner’s equity (4) statement of cash flows 現(xiàn)金流動(dòng)表 列示一公司的資金來源 和使用狀況以反映其資 金收支的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 業(yè)主權(quán)益表 a 財(cái)務(wù)資料 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 67 The balance sheet lists all the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity of an entity as of a specific date, usually the end of a month or a year. The balance sheet is like a snapshot of the entity. For this reason, it is also called the statement of financial position. ? snapshot 快照 ? the statement of financial position 財(cái)務(wù)狀況表 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 68 The ine statement presents a summary of the revenues and expenses of an entity as of a specific period of time, such as a month or a year. The ine statement, also called the statement of earni