【正文】 據 變 動 信 息輸 出 數 據 流輸 出 數 據 圖 頂層數據流圖 在管 理員輸入口令，系統自動檢查的用戶身份及口令，并賦予其相應的權限。對于非服務器級的數據庫我選用了 ACCESS。雖然它不是服務器級的數據庫，但是作為中小型企業(yè)內部網的數據庫支持還是綽綽有余的。其主要優(yōu)點是易于使用、高速度、低內存支出和占用磁盤空間較少。 ADO 主要是使用微軟的 OLE DB 功能對數據庫服務器中的數據進行訪問和操作。它連接的不是某個具體的數據庫，而是微軟提供的 ADO 對象。 ○ 2 指定訪問數據源的命令，同時可帶變量參數，或優(yōu)化執(zhí)行。 ○ 6 提供常規(guī)方法檢測錯誤（通常由建立連接或執(zhí)行命令造成）。這個定義明確指出：軟件測試的目的是為了檢驗軟件系統是否滿足需求。為了確保軟件的質量，較理想的做法應該是對軟件的開發(fā)過程，按軟件工程各階段形成的結果，分別進行嚴格的審查。從用戶的角度考慮，可能出現的操作錯誤和數據輸入錯誤，也都進行了一系列的測試。 ○ 3 其他測試： 在系統的可移植性上，把編譯成可執(zhí)行文件的程序拿到不同的軟件環(huán)境和硬件平臺下進行測試。 由于測試的過程中，時間比較少，在測試的方法和測試用例的選擇方面可能還存在各種不足之處，系統的某些方面難免存 在不足或者漏洞，只能在現有的水平上來解決所有這些現有的問題。 20 在測試系統的整個流程的過程中，針對系 統的不同分支結構，不同功能模塊，都發(fā)現了或大或小的問題，例如，退出窗口提示數據保存信息，非法用戶的越權操作，以及一些邏輯順序錯誤。將 GIS 技術 引入房 屋中介管理 ， 是對傳統房屋中介服務公司管理方式的巨大突 破 ， 它能有效地克服傳統中介 系統 只注重房屋自身屬性信息 ， 而不注重房屋周圍地理信息的缺點 ， 從而給中介公司和客戶帶來極大方便 ， 也是GIS 技術應用的一次成功嘗試。參考文獻 [1] 常淑娟 .后 “新政 ”時代的房屋中介發(fā)展之道 [J].中國房地信息 ,2021.(10 期 ):6667 [2] 田憲明 ,何渝 .基于 GIS 房屋中介系統的設計與實現 [J].北京工商大學學報 ,2021,23 卷 (3期 ):2338 [3] 基于 GIS 房屋中介系統的設計與實現 [D]北京工商大學學報 (自然科學版 ), 卷 (3 期 ) [4] 李恒凱 ,王秀麗 .基于 GIS 的房地產中介管理系統開發(fā) [J].山西建 ,2021,34 卷 (3 期 )356 [5] 符小洪 ,江森華 ,林金堂 .基于組件式 GIS的福州市房地產查詢系統 [J].閩江學院學報 ,2021.(4期 ):6061 [6] 網址 : 我國房地產市場的發(fā)展趨勢和經營取向 [7] 網址 : 湘潭市綜合地理信息系統建設研究 .張必勝 [8] 常春麗 .淺析企業(yè)的信息管理與知識管理 [J].商場現代化 .2021(18 期 ):69 [9] 王駿 .基 于網絡的房屋中介系統的構建與實施研究 [J].中國科技信息 2021.(22 期 ) [10] 網址 : 房地產市場與金融危機 . 劉惠娜 [11] 網址 : 一個房屋中介業(yè)務建模的實例分析 [12] 唐大仕 .C程序設計教程 [M].清華大學出版社 ,2021 [13] 劉瑞新 .ASP 動態(tài)網站開發(fā) [M].機械工業(yè)出版社 ,2021 [14] 徐潔 磐 ,柏文陽 ,劉奇志 .數據庫系統實用教程 [M].高等教育出版社 ,2021 [15] 朱如龍 .Sql Server2021 數據庫應用系統開發(fā)技術 [M].機械工業(yè)出版社 ,2021 [16] 李波 .Access2021 實用教程 [M].西安電子科技大學出版社 ,2021 [17] 吉根林 ,崔海源 .Web 程序設計 [M].電子工業(yè)出版社 ,2021 [18] Microsoft Visual C 2021 Step by Step[M].Author:John Sharp 23 致 謝 1 專業(yè)譯文： 外文原文： Computer Program 1 Introduction Computer Program, set of instructions that directs a puter to perform some processing function or bination of functions. For the instructions to be carried out, a puter must execute a program, that is, the puter reads the program, and then follow the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until pletion. A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the options and data that the user gives the puter. Programs fall into two major classes: application programs and operating systems. An application program is one that carries out some function directly for a user, such as word processing or gameplaying. An operating system is a program that manages the puter and the various resources and devices connected to it, such as RAM, hard drives, monitors, keyboards, printers, and modems, so that they may be used by other programs. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows 95, OS\2, and UNIX. 2 Program Development Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code—a format that the operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute. Three types of applications programs translate from source code to object code: 2 pilers, interpreters, and assemblers. The three operate differently and on different types of programming languages, but they serve the same purpose of translating from a programming language into machine language. A piler translates text files written in a highlevel programming languagesuch as FORTRAN, C, or Pascal—from the source code to the object code all at once. This differs from the approach taken by interpreted languages such as BASIC, APL and LISP, in which a program is translated into object code statement by statement as each instruction is executed. The advantage to interpreted languages is that they can begin executing the program immediately instead of having to wait for all of the source code to be piled. Changes can also be made to the program fairly quickly without having to wait for it to be piled again. The disadvantage of interpreted languages is that they are slow to execute, since the entire program must be translated one instruction at a time, each time the program is run. On the other hand, piled languages are piled only once and thus can be executed by the puter much more quickly than interpreted languages. For this reason, piled languages are more mon and are almost always used in professional and scientific applications. Another type of translator is the assembler, which is used for programs or parts of programs written in assembly language. Assembly language is another programming language, but it is much more similar to machine language than other types of highlevel languages. In assembly language, a single statement can usually be translated into a single instruction of machine language. Today, assembly language is rarely used to write an entire program, but is instead most often used when the programmer needs to directly control some aspect of the puter’s function. Programs are often written as a set of smaller pieces, with each piece representing some aspect of the overall application program. After each piece has been piled separately, a program called a linker bines all of the translated pieces into a single executable program. Programs seldom work correctly the first time, so a program called a debugger is often used to help find problems called bugs. Debugg