【正文】 者能廣泛聽取他人的寶貴意見，并在此基礎上重新理順論文思路，使其結構更趨完整，內容更趨翔實。一般不超過15—20字。論點：分析問題與闡明自己的觀點。研究基礎作者在選擇該題之前作過哪些方面的學習、研究或寫過什么文章？說明能如期完成畢業(yè)論文 撰寫的理由。撰寫步驟及階段任務包括：選題及開題報告初稿、正式開題報告及提綱、完成初稿、二稿、三稿、定稿等、何時論文答辯等。二是作者能廣泛聽取他人的寶貴意見，并在此基礎上重新理順論文思路，使其結構更趨完整，內容更趨翔實。一般不超過15—20字。論點：分析問題與闡明自己的觀點。研究基礎作者在選擇該題之前作過哪些方面的學習、研究或寫過什么文章？說明能如期完成畢業(yè)論文撰寫的理由。撰寫步驟及階段任務包括：選題及開題報告初稿、正式開題報告及提綱、完成初稿、二稿、三稿、定稿等、何時論文答辯等。 Johnson理論的影響，其中以胡壯麟、朱永生為主要代表。2）本選題的意義、重點、難點及創(chuàng)新點意義：本選題突破了歷來將隱喻的漢譯局限在詩學、修辭學、文學等范疇。難點：怎樣從文化交際的角度對日常用語中的隱喻的漢譯進行深入的理論探討。 Johnson, We Live by Chicago, University of Chicago Press, , Eugene A.amp。張培基等《英漢翻譯教程》，上海：上海外語教育出版社，1983。四、討論隱喻的漢譯標準、難點、過程、基本方法以及根據(jù)語境而確定譯法的原則。Function and Application of Descriptive Translation StudiesIntroductionThe intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical then on, schools of thought have kept ing out and each claims its legitimacy for these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies(DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical is viewed to be a social activity having significantimportance in the receiving culture and for the target , translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language parison, and is incorporated in social and cultural attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator‘s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target method of DTS is basically prescriptive tendency and the problemsolution pattern is phenomena are noted accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will e out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.―Norm‖ is operative at every stage of description and , process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive phenomena are accounted for with the help of case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsienyi and David Hawks are pared and observations are made in regard to their translation this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope indepth observation and explanation will done in light of Development and major concepts of DTSIn this part I will describe Holms‘ basic map of DTS