【正文】 erent form, one that has changed the world, andalthough he doesn39。s free speech principleshave often provoked we haven39。t just happen and require intervention when it is is not aboutthe freedom to outshout others while everyone has their fingers in their free speechto flourish, we must build an environment where everyone takes responsibility for the rightnot just to speak, but to hear and be heard, where everyone assumes the responsibility totreat others with dignity and requires not just speakers, but, in the words of JamesRyan, dean of our Graduate School of Education, generous the current soulsearching about free speech, we need to devote more attention to establishing the conditions inwhich everyone39。t stand safely on the sidelines。it is freedom toactively join the debate as a full is about creating a context in which genuinedebate can a lot, I urged the Class of 2020 last fall。sappointment as William James Lecturer just a year later divided the Corporation, but PresidentConant broke the tie and Russell conflicts over invited speakers are hardly the vehemence with which these issues have been debated in recent months, not just oncampuses but in the broader public sphere, suggests there is something distinctive about , these controversies reflect a highly polarized political and socialenvironment – perhaps the most divisive since the era of the Civil in these alreadyfractious circumstances, free speech debates have provided a fertile substrate into whichanger and disagreement could be planted to nourish partisan outrage and generate that is only a partial themselves have changed dramatically in recent years, reaching beyond theirtraditional, largely homogeneous populations to bee more diverse than perhaps anyother institution in which Americans find themselves living overwhelminglywhite, male, Protestant, and upper class, Harvard College is now half female, majorityminority, religiously pluralistic, with nearly 60 percent of students able to attend because offinancial percent are the first in their families to go to of our studentsstruggle to feel full members of this munity – a munity in which people like them haveso recently seek evidence and assurance that – to borrow the title of a powerfultheatrical piece created by a group of our AfricanAmerican students – evidence andassurance that they, too, are price of our mitment to freedom of speech is paid disproportionately by them, free speech has not infrequently included enduring a questioning oftheir abilities, their humanity, their morality – their very legitimacy values and ourtheory of education rest on the assumption that members of our munity will take the riskof speaking and will actively pete in our wild rumpus of argument and requiresthem as well to be fearless in face of argument or challenge or even verbal itexpects that fearlessness even when the challenge is directed to the very identity – race,religion, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, nationality – that may have made themuncertain about their right to be here in the first such fearlessness ishard。s must work to ensure that universities donot bee bubbles isolated from the concerns and discourse of the society that must model a mitment to the notion that truth cannot simply be claimed, butmust be established – established through reasoned argument, assessment, and evensometimes unfortable challenges that provide the foundation for legitimacyof universities39。我們的責(zé)任是讓開(kāi)放的原則，求知的習(xí)性，和獻(xiàn)身學(xué)問(wèn)的態(tài)度持續(xù)滋長(zhǎng)，以待下一個(gè)世紀(jì)的到來(lái)。即使如此，他們必然了解他們是在追求真理和知識(shí)，致力于“明明德”。醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究生在中國(guó)五個(gè)定點(diǎn)工作。近年以來(lái)，實(shí)在說(shuō)近十年以來(lái)，我們開(kāi)始鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)本科學(xué)生出國(guó)留學(xué)。我們法學(xué)院的新生在第一年就必須修習(xí)國(guó)際法。在法學(xué)院一門(mén)關(guān)于道德和法律論證的的課堂上，師生藉由莎士比亞的《威尼斯商人》文學(xué)想象了解死刑的影響。當(dāng)哈佛干細(xì)胞研究所成立時(shí)，創(chuàng)建者明白它的成員——用他們自己的話說(shuō)——“不只是包括科學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家?也該有從事法律，政府，神學(xué)，商學(xué)，和人文方面的哈佛教授。傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)發(fā)展所界定的學(xué)科范疇正在合縱連橫，我們今天越來(lái)越積極的跨越知識(shí)界限。真理是從辯論，從反駁，從問(wèn)題，從疑惑中出現(xiàn)。透過(guò)這樣的教程，我們重新肯定博雅教育的重要，強(qiáng)調(diào)大學(xué)本科不僅止于專(zhuān)業(yè)的訓(xùn)練。而當(dāng)我們理解真理不是擁有，而是追求，我們的教學(xué)也越來(lái)越著重叩問(wèn)，交換，挑戰(zhàn)——為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生活到老、學(xué)到老的技巧和態(tài)度做準(zhǔn)備，我們的課程設(shè)計(jì)也更著重辯論和討論。從科學(xué)到社會(huì)和人文，我們都鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生從事創(chuàng)新研究，本科學(xué)生幾乎有一半在大四寫(xiě)作畢業(yè)論文，在他們的主修領(lǐng)域里尋找原創(chuàng)的問(wèn)題，探求新的真理。但是我們?nèi)绾握业健懊鞯隆敝?？我們?nèi)绾稳招掠中碌淖穼ふ胬?？多年以?lái)，美國(guó)研究型大學(xué)所發(fā)展的基本任務(wù)之一是：真理的發(fā)現(xiàn)和真理的傳授必須相互為用。我知道中國(guó)文化經(jīng)典之一曾對(duì)教育有如下的表述:“大學(xué)之道，在明明 德。真理不是坐擁所有，而是一種渴望——一種理解之道。真理長(zhǎng)存。盾形?；瘴挥谙路降臅?shū)樣原來(lái)面朝下，象征人類(lèi)知識(shí)的局限。哈佛建校不過(guò)數(shù)年，“真理”就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在哈佛的校訓(xùn)裏。我們和諸位一樣，都在學(xué)習(xí)如何在新的時(shí)代里善用這些傳統(tǒng)。今年錄取的大學(xué)本科學(xué)生里，有四分之一的家庭完全不需花費(fèi)分文。哈佛大學(xué)本科班現(xiàn)在每年約有130位非洲族裔的畢業(yè)生——占畢業(yè)生總數(shù)的7%到8%。我大學(xué)就讀的是一所女子學(xué)院，而當(dāng)時(shí)多數(shù)頭牌學(xué)校只招收男生。這些正在學(xué)院和大學(xué)就讀的學(xué)生人數(shù)比