【正文】 strong。s labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many plicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., welltrained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person39。s address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation。t is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understan。 The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to bee tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas, the ROM can can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU putes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space. The PLC anti interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer bee the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to e to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle. PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy prehended the PLC language, and a lot of non electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC. Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people prehend more and easily, in a lot of equipmentses, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept。s machine bine, for resolve the very plicated problem to look for the best path We e in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grassroots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only。t satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can39。本課題能夠成功的完成，要特別感謝我的指導(dǎo)老師的關(guān)懷和教導(dǎo)，也感謝各位同學(xué)的關(guān)心和幫助。所以，我很用心的把它完成。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 22 致 謝 通過這一階段的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我受益匪淺，不僅鍛煉了良好的邏輯思維能力，而且培養(yǎng)了棄而不舍的求學(xué)精神和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)作風(fēng)。 （ 2） 設(shè)計(jì)了 PLC 的控制程序，介紹了 PLC 程序的設(shè)計(jì)方法，成功率高的經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的編程方法，并根據(jù)它設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的 PLC 程序。反之，將快速移動操作手柄向外拉時(shí)，壓合 SQ6（ X12），使 KM7（ Y7）通電吸合， M2 反向起動，實(shí)現(xiàn)快速反向移動。在按下停止按鈕 SB1（ X0）時(shí)，制動過程與正向反接制動相同。若按下停止按鈕 SB1（ X0），其常閉觸點(diǎn)先斷開， KA1（ M1）、 KT（ T0）、 KM1（ Y1）、 KM3（ Y3）和 KM5（ Y5）都斷電，使控制線路按以下動作進(jìn)行反接制動。 （ 5） 主軸反轉(zhuǎn)高速 將變速手柄扳在“高速”位置，使微動開關(guān) SHY（ X5）受壓而閉合，為 KT（ T0）和 KM3（ Y3）的工作做準(zhǔn)備 ；當(dāng)按下 SB3（ X2）時(shí)→ KA2（ M2）得電且自鎖→ KM3和 KT 都得電→ KM2（ Y2）得電， M1（雙速電動機(jī)）先低速反向起動；當(dāng) KT 延時(shí)（ 1s）后→ KT 的常閉觸點(diǎn)（ T0）斷開→ KM4（ Y4）失電 M1 停轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí) KT 的常開觸點(diǎn)（ T0）閉合→ KM5（ Y5）得電→ M1 接成雙 Y 形切換為高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 （ 2） 主軸正轉(zhuǎn)高速 將變速手柄扳在“高速”位置，使微動開關(guān) SHY（ X5）受壓而閉合，為 KT（ T0）和 KM3（ Y3）的工作做準(zhǔn)備；當(dāng)按下 SB2（ X1）時(shí)→ KA1（ M1）得電且自鎖→ KM3和 KT 都得電→ KM1 得電， M1（雙速電動機(jī)）先低速正向起動；當(dāng) KT 延時(shí) 1s 后→ KT 的常閉觸點(diǎn)（ T0）斷開→ KM4（ Y4）失電，同時(shí) KT 的常開觸點(diǎn)（ T0）閉合→ KM5（ Y5）得電→ M1接成雙 Y 形切換為高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 14 設(shè)計(jì)流程圖 Y Y Y N N 開始 QF 是否閉合 SP1和 SP2是否都不閉合 SB2 低速 高速 SHY 主軸電機(jī)低速正轉(zhuǎn) 主軸電機(jī)高速正轉(zhuǎn) SB3 主軸電機(jī)高速反轉(zhuǎn) 低速 高速 SHY SB4 主軸電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)動 主軸電機(jī)低速反轉(zhuǎn) SB5 主軸電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)動 SB1 主軸電機(jī)反接制動 SQ5 SQ6 是否 有鍵按下 快速移動電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn) 快速移動電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn) 圖 41 設(shè)計(jì)流程圖 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 15 PLC 的 I/O 分配 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求對 PLC 的輸入輸出元件進(jìn)行分配見表 41 輸入元件名稱、代號 輸入點(diǎn) 主軸停、制動 SB1 X0 主軸正轉(zhuǎn) SB2 X1 主軸反轉(zhuǎn) SB3 X2 主軸正轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)動 SB4 X3 主軸反轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)動 SB5 X4 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速切換 SHY X5 行程開關(guān) SP1 與 SP2 常開并聯(lián) X6 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給量變換 SQ1 與 SQ3 常閉并聯(lián) X7 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給量變換 SQ1 與 SQ3 常開串聯(lián) X10 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給量變換 SQ2 與 SQ4 常開并聯(lián) X11 工作臺快速正轉(zhuǎn)行程開關(guān) SQ6 X12 工作臺快速反轉(zhuǎn)行程開關(guān) SQ5 X13 速度繼電器（正轉(zhuǎn)） SRZ X14 速度繼電器（反轉(zhuǎn)） SRF X15 熱繼電器 FR X16 輸出元件名稱、代號 輸出點(diǎn) 主軸正轉(zhuǎn) KM1 Y1 主軸反轉(zhuǎn) KM2 Y2 主軸制動 KM3 Y3 主軸低速 KM4 Y4 主軸高速 KM5 Y5 工作臺快速正轉(zhuǎn) KM6 Y6 工作臺快速反轉(zhuǎn) KM7 Y7 主軸正轉(zhuǎn)中間 單元 KA1 M1 表 41 PLC 的 I/O 分配 表 42 PLC 的 I/O 分配 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 16 表 42 續(xù) PLC 的 I/O 分配 輸出元件名稱、代號 輸出點(diǎn) 主軸反轉(zhuǎn)中間單元 KA2 M2 時(shí)間繼電器 KT TIM T0 設(shè)計(jì)梯形圖 主控電路。 （ 3） 常閉觸點(diǎn)提供的輸入信號的處理設(shè)計(jì)輸入電路時(shí)，盡量采用常開觸點(diǎn)。 梯形圖程序的設(shè)計(jì)方案 T68 鏜床的 PLC 梯形圖程序參照 T68 鏜床電氣控制線路《附件 3： T68 電氣控制圖》設(shè)計(jì)。 石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 13 第 4 章 T68 鏜床控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) PLC