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作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于:在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時多用ing分詞;在表示具體的或一次性的動作,特別是將來的動作時,多用不定式。My job is to teach you English this 。如:Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎?/ 16句式部分 加油!加菜!Remember to lock the door when you 。Missing the train means waiting for another 。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at ,他不時地停下來和湯姆談話。We don’t permit smoking 。⑤動詞like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性動作,多用ing分詞;如指特定的具體的某次動作,多用不定式。⑥動詞begin, start后面,如表示有意識地開始做某事,常用ing分詞,否則用不定式更多一些。When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his ,他正開始寫信給他的父母親。:①ing分詞作表語可以表示主語的內(nèi)容是什么。如:/ 16句式部分 加油!加菜!This story is very 。如: developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家 a growing city = a city that is growing 發(fā)展著的城市an ordinarylooking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子 a touching story = a story that is touching 一個動人的故事 working people= people who are working 勞動人民 :在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官動詞后,既可用ing分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。這種短語可以被稱之為句子的狀語,也可當(dāng)作一個插入語。1. 有一些人認為…… 2. 另一些人認為…… 3. 我的看法……The topic of ①(主題)is being more and more popular are two sides of opinions of people say A is their hold their view for the reason of ②(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③(理由二).Moreover, ④(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three ,15 / 16句式部分 加油!加菜!(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧(我的觀點).The reason is that ⑨(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)給出一個觀點,要求考生反對這一觀點Some people believe that ①(觀點一).For example, they think ②(舉例說明).And it will bring them ③(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the one thing,④(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤(反對的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥(我對文章所討論主題的看法). 闡述主題題型要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā),按照提綱的要求進行論述. 1. 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義. 2. 分析并舉例使其更充實.The good old proverb(名言或諺語)reminds us that(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form of all,(理由一).For example,(舉例說明).Secondly,(理由二).Another case is that(舉例說明).Furthermore ,(理由三).In my opinion,(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it 解決方法題型要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 1. 問題現(xiàn)狀2. 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點)In recent days, we have to face I problemA, which is being more and more ,(說明A的現(xiàn)狀).Second,(舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the one thing,(解決方法一).For another(解決方法二).Finally,(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型/ 16第三篇:高中文言文特殊句式東升學(xué)校2018屆高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)文言特殊句式文言文特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)文言文的句式,跟白話文的句式,有的相同,有的差別很大。一. 判斷句(10種類型)判斷句是對人或事物表示斷定,斷定人或事物是什么、屬于什么的句式。(??者,??)4. 劉備天下梟雄。(為)8. 此則岳陽樓之大觀也。(《明月幾時有》)(3)而欲投吳巨,巨是凡人,偏在遠郡,行將為人所并,豈足托乎?。ā冻啾谥畱?zhàn)》)(4)公子姊為趙惠文王弟平原君夫人。(《廉頗藺相如列傳》)(7)藺相如者,趙人也。(《師說》)(11)四人者:廬陵蕭君圭君玉,長樂王回深父,余弟安國平父、安上純父。此不知人之禍也。(《信陵君竊符救趙》)(19)秦,虎狼之國,不可信。(??見??)3.臣誠恐見欺于王而負趙。(??為所??)8.信而見疑,忠而被謗。)練習(xí):二、被動句(1)曲罷曾教善才服,妝成每被秋娘妒。(《廉頗藺相如列傳》)(6)兵挫地削,亡其六郡,身客死于秦,為天下笑。(《廉頗藺相如列傳》)(10)懷王以不知忠臣之分,故內(nèi)惑于鄭袖,外欺于張儀。(《六國論》)三.疑問句(不是特殊句式)借疑問詞或否定詞而能發(fā)出疑問的句子叫疑問句。可是,有時候動詞和賓語也可以倒裝,讓賓語處在到動詞前面。包括:代詞+介詞;賓語+介詞;方位名詞+介詞;是以結(jié)構(gòu)(固定結(jié)構(gòu))。(介賓:方位名詞+介詞)H、余是以記之,蓋嘆酈元之簡,而笑李渤之陋也。C、四十三年,望中猶記。但是,定語也可以處在中心詞后面,形成中心詞在前,定語在后的句式,這就是定中倒裝句。B、馬之千里者,一食或盡粟一石。(高高的廟堂)(偏遠的江湖)B、蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強。(不合否定句中的情況)B.臣死且不避,卮酒安足辭?。ú粚儆谝蓡柧渲械那闆r)C.厚賞不行,重罰不用,而民自治。④不規(guī)則類(為了表達上的需要,把賓語前置了)例:A、英雄無覓孫仲謀處。(介賓:賓+介)F、一言以蔽之。① 否定句中,代詞作賓語。二者有時全用,有時不全用。(《廉頗藺相如列傳》)東升學(xué)校2018屆高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)文言特殊句式(12)荊州之民附操者,逼兵勢耳,非心服也。(《屈原列傳》)(7)升死,其印為予群從所得,至今保藏。(《永遇樂?京口北固亭懷古》)(3)信而見疑,忠而被謗,能無怨乎?(《屈原列傳》)(4)舉世混濁而我獨清,眾人皆醉而我獨醒,是以見放。(無標志。(??受??于??)5.為天下笑,何也?(為)6.羸兵為人馬所蹈藉。(《屈原列傳》)二.被動句(9種類型)1.而君幸于趙王。(《赤壁之戰(zhàn)》)(17)此世所以不傳也。(《陳涉世家》)東升學(xué)校2018屆高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)文言特殊句式(14)我,子瑜友也。(《赤壁之戰(zhàn)》)(9)“離騷”者,猶離憂也。五代時始印五經(jīng),已后典籍皆為板本。(即)10.巨是凡人。(??者也)6. 當(dāng)立者乃公子扶蘇。(??者,??也)2. 此帝王之資也。文言句式包括:判斷句、被動句、疑問句、否定句、詞序(倒裝句)、成份省略(省略句)和固定結(jié)構(gòu)(習(xí)慣句式)。Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for ,我們決定讓他免費聽音樂會。如:Do you hear someone knocking at the door?(Someone is knocking at the door.)有人在敲門你聽見了嗎?Do you hear someone knock at the door?(Someone knocked at the door just now.)你聽見有人敲門了嗎?,后接ing分詞或名詞。①–ing分詞作定語可用來說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。The real question is getting to know the needs of the 。Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the ,他就開始考慮一個好辦法來解決這個問題。They started talking about the film at 。I prefer walking to school every 。如: The room wants cleaning/to be 。③動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟ing分詞作賓語,不可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補語。After a short rest, they went on ,他們又繼續(xù)工作。如: I try not to think about 。又能接ing分詞,含義有所不同。It’s not good for you to smoke so much.(指你吸煙)吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。如: His ing made us very 。②上面這類句子也可變成被動語態(tài),這時,ing分詞可看成是主語補語。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the ,他從窗戶溜了出去。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the ,他們還是要我賠償損失。如:They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the ,觀察著天上的星星。③–ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her ,他想起了她的童年。When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and wornout overcoat, ran to her with ,約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣高興地跑了過去。如:reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車sleeping car 臥車 singing petition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚 the exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出②ing分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,也相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如:He left ahead of time without saying a 。注意:在有些句子中,介詞常可省去。T