【正文】 forward to（期待）, take to（從事）, turn to（求助于）, stick to（忠于、堅(jiān)持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to（注意、處理）, be used to（習(xí)慣于）, devote oneself to（獻(xiàn)身于）, be equal to（勝任的、等于）, be familiar to（為??熟悉）.高中階段有一些固定的ing分詞短語，如generally speaking（一般來說）, judging from?（根據(jù)??來判斷）, considering?（考慮到??）, talking of?（談到??，提到??）, supposing?（假如??）等，它們的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致。②ing分詞作表語還可以表示主語所具有的特征。注：下面幾種情況多用不定式作賓語： , begin本身用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after 。He stopped talking when the bell ，他停止了講話。如：①forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動(dòng)作后于謂語動(dòng)作，而后接ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the 。6)ing分詞作補(bǔ)語：①ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)語。Following the old man, the young people started walking / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。②ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如： Who is the rade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰？ They lived in a house facing 。如：I have no difficulty(in)municating with 。如： I39。3)ing分詞作賓語：①–ing分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語。It39。ing分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語等。：ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語是ing分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。I have no idea of how to do 。He wished us never to meet her 。如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these ，這些天一直幫我們。He stood aside for me to 。t tell me we were 39。從句起限定作用，是定語如：The news that will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語從句，that不可省。t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer ，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！2． 用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如：This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as ：盡快解決這個(gè)問題。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略。The question who should do the work requires ，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the 。試比較： Please let me know if you want to let me know whether you want to ，意為“請告訴我你是否想去”；此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話，請告訴我一聲”。t understand what I 。如： He is a good student except that he is ，只是有點(diǎn)粗心。有時(shí)介詞可以省略。I wonder what he’s writing to me 。)我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。I know he has 。It makes no difference where we shall have the 。+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。Wherever you are is my homemy only 。2． 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3． 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1)從屬連詞that。The question is how he did 。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years 。39。例如： neither…nor連接兩個(gè)并列分句，前后兩個(gè)分句都倒裝。2)Only +狀語 放句首（only in this way,only when you e here…),主句倒裝Only in this way,Only then3).虛擬語氣在含有were, had, should的if虛擬條件句中，省略if，將were, had, should移到句首，需部分倒裝 finished it it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go on skiing4).so…that 或such…that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語,so,such 提到句首時(shí)，主句需用倒裝語序。an is famous as a tourist attraction with a long Chinese history, twelve dynasties made the city their 39。The question is whether they will be able to help 。That was what she did this morning on reaching the 。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between ，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。解釋：1． 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。如：It is said that has arrived in 。，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。I’ll tell you why I asked you to 。如：I don’t care(for)who marries 。You may rely on it that I shall help 。I39。5．賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。（4）同位語從句1． 定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。We haven39。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。測試：：1． It worried her a bit her hair was turning have no idea we can do with these waste / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！ doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease is hoped nature will never be you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? drove to Zhuhai for the air show last that you had a few days off? came I was wanted at the you know of them will be our new headmaster? teacher didn39。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were ，他們都很焦慮。It is a question how he did 。)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個(gè)消息是真的。s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she ：1． It was true Alice did surprised her , what , that matter much he can39。2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時(shí)也可作主語、定語等。He pretended to be listening to the teacher 。6)疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式：不定式和疑問詞whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語，有時(shí)也可以充當(dāng)主語、表語等。（7）ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾ing構(gòu)成。根據(jù)ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(being done)和完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)。1)–ing分詞（短語）作主語：Laying eggs is the ant queen39。39。如：I suggest doing it in a different 。39。/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing 。③–ing分詞還可以作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，常用逗號(hào)和句子其它部分分開。如：Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to ，我不能把這本書送給他。⑤ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。如： I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the 。1.–ing分詞作主語和表語時(shí)與不定式的區(qū)別：ing分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于：在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時(shí)多用ing分詞；在表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式。如：Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎？/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！Remember to lock the door when you 。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at ，他不時(shí)地停下來和湯姆談話。⑤動(dòng)詞like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性動(dòng)作，多用ing分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動(dòng)作，多用不定式。When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his ，他正開始寫信給他的父母親。如：/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！This story is very 。這種短語可以被稱之為句子的狀語，也可當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語。一． 判斷句（10種類型）判斷句是對人或事物表示斷定，斷定人或事物是什么、屬于什么的句式。（為）8． 此則岳陽樓之大觀也。（《廉頗藺相如列傳》）（7）藺相如者，趙人也。此不知人之禍也。（??見??）3．臣誠恐見欺于王而負(fù)趙。）練習(xí)：二、被動(dòng)句（1）曲罷曾教善才服，妝成每被秋娘妒。（《廉頗藺相如列傳》）（10）懷王以不知忠臣之分，故內(nèi)惑于鄭袖，外欺于張儀?？墒?，有時(shí)候動(dòng)詞和賓語也可以倒裝，讓賓語處在到動(dòng)詞前面。（介賓：方位名詞＋介詞）H、余是以記之，蓋嘆酈元之簡，而笑李渤之陋也。但是，定語也可以處在中心詞后面，形成中心詞在前，定語在后的句式，這就是定中倒裝句。（高高的廟堂）（偏遠(yuǎn)的江湖）B、蚓無爪牙之利，筋骨之強(qiáng)。④不規(guī)則類（為了表達(dá)上的需要，把賓語前置了）例：A、英雄無覓孫仲謀處。① 否定句中，代詞作賓語。（《廉頗藺相如列傳》）東升學(xué)校2018屆高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)文言特殊句式（12）荊州之民附操者，逼兵勢耳，非心服也。（《永遇樂?京口北固亭懷古》）（3）信而見疑，忠而被謗，能無怨乎？（《屈原列傳》）（4）舉世混濁而我獨(dú)清，眾人皆醉而我獨(dú)醒，是以見放。（??受??于??）5．為天下笑，何也？（為）6．羸兵為人馬所蹈藉。（《赤壁之戰(zhàn)》）（17）此世所以不傳也。（《赤壁之戰(zhàn)》）（9）“離騷”者，猶離憂也。（即）10．巨是凡人。（??者，