【正文】 w yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom不可以省) 湯姆病倒了，你昨天見到他了。 c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告訴我們他為什么如此不高興嗎？3）當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的 the way 時 ，從句不能用 how 來引導(dǎo) ，應(yīng)該用that 或 in which ，或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷?。如?a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi39。如： a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will e to our city but I don’t know when (he will e to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來但我不知道他什么時候來。 5．主句省略多用于句首。如： —Why were you absent from school last Friday ?—(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill. —上周五你為什么沒有上學(xué)？ —因為我媽媽病了。 2．省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分 如： a) (There is) No smoking.　禁止抽煙 b) (Is there)anything else ? 還有其他事嗎 ？ c) (You e)This way 。 四、動詞不定式省略，只保留to 的場合 1．不定式作某些動詞的賓語時，這些動詞常見的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。 2．不定式作某些動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時，這些動詞常見的有：ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如： 　— I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ? 　 — Not at would be happy to (look after your cat).　—我要出差，你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎？—沒關(guān)系，我很愿意。如： 　The only thing you have to do is press the 。 4．當(dāng)兩個或多個不定式并列時，其后的不定式符號可以省略，但有對比關(guān)系時不可省略。如：　a) I saw her enter the room. 我看見她進(jìn)入了房間 　b) Why not join us ?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢？ 六．其他一些省略結(jié)構(gòu) 1．名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時，常常可以省略。 第四章 主謂一致 主謂一致(Subject Verb Agreement)，指”人稱”和”: He is going abroad. They are playing football.　可分為:語法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.(一) 語法一致原則: 即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù). 以下為注意事項:1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).如: Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個仆人外, 沒有一個人遲來用餐。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, :Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說。 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics。 以及The United Nations聯(lián)合國 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。3. :Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的并列主語, 謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, : The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, mittee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public :The mittee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會決定解雇他。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時, :A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運到。(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則: , half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。 報紙名如: the New Times。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , :A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個學(xué)生遲到More persons than one e to help us. 不止一個人來幫助我們。3. 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。s.　我們在瑪麗家過的周末。5．在would rather…than… 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號常常要省略. 如：　I would rather stay at home than go to see a 。 3．主語部分暗含to do，表語中的不定式通常省去to。如： 　He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚，但過去喜歡。(NMET1995) b) She wants to e but her parents won’t allow her to (e).　她想來，可是她父母不讓?！冶敬蛩氵@么做，但當(dāng)我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。5．同時省略幾個成分 如： a) —Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ？—(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。 2) 其它省略主語多限于現(xiàn)成的說法 如： a) (I) Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。s birthday party ，我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會。 4．在與suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語氣形式“should +動詞原形”，should可以省略。 b) He said (that)the Antisecession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他說《 反分裂國家法》已被通過，而且胡錦濤主席已簽署了主席令。t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at 。如： a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the 。 2．定語從句中的省略 1） 一般說來，在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 that ,which , whom 可以省略；如： Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?這就是他在會上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎？（2002上海春季） 　　而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 which , whom 不可以省略。2) 當(dāng)從句的主語是 it，謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be 時 ，可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。 e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多。 b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you39。 二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略 1．狀語從句中的省略 　　一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；由whether ,if , unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由 as ,than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句；由as, as if , as though 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 這個男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 20. It was ____ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn39。s up to you. “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? which (88) 2. Is ____ necessary to plete the design before National Day? (89) 3. I don39。s worth it. 21. Believe it or “信不信由你” 例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. 22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放棄 例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it hasn39。m not sure it39。ll be punished.) 14. As it happened, … 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it39。ll really catch it form our teacher if we39。s so much. 表示“至此為止，沒有別的了” 例 You can have one more sweet, and that39。