【正文】 at white shark Questions 7～ 11 Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor”. These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides. Scientists often refer to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result from undersea seismic activity. Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700 kilometers per hour. In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters. Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity. Two areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii. Because the seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often e with little warning and can therefore prove disastrous. Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inbabitants of hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival. Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. In 1755, Europe experienced a calamitous tsunami, when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive tsunami to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon. The greatest tsunami on record on the other side of the world in 1883 when the krakatoa volcano underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian islands。s not what you know but who you know that counts.” People who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential friends or the right background. We say “Ah yes, he must have gone to the right school”. or “She must e from a good family.” We may suspect that some people in positions of authority are there because they belong to the right group or party. To get something done—a signature on a document. or a quick decision—it helps to know someone “on the inside”. At least, this is the widespread belief. It is a forting belief too. If your boss strikes you as inpetent, it is tempting to believe that he only got the job because his father pulled some strings. If someone else gets the job which you should 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 9 頁 共 13 頁 have had, well, the “old boy work” must be operating. And yet, if we can get what we want by “having a word” with soandso, or by getting soandso to put in a good word for us, which of us would not take advantage of the opportunity? Often it is quite harmless. For instance, when Miguel went with Julia to visit Michelle in hospital, he bumped into someone he knew, a doctor who had been at medical school with his father. As a result of this chance meeting, Miguel was able to find out a great deal about Michelle39。s condition. According to the writer, Miguel39。t be fight! 100 pounds just for tapping a machine with a hammer?” The engineer wrote out a new bill: “For tapping a machine, 1 pound。 at east end of connecting corridor, outside the kitchen door, back of the stage in the Main Hall. 2. Teaching Blocks At the bottom of both stairways and on each landing. 3. Workshops Outside Machine Shop No. 139。s main purpose in the passage is to. A. categorize the different kinds of sharks throughout the world B. warn humans of the dangers posed by sharks C. describe the characteristics of shark teeth D. clear up misconceptions about sharks 2. The longest shark is probably the. A. whale shark B. great white shark C. bull shark D. tiger shark 3. Which of the following is NOT true about a shark39。t know how to ski. B. He doesn39。clock. B. At two o39。t have to write Peter a letter. C. I don39。t want it well done, cook it more than ten minutes. C. It won39。 so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 1. A. Florence39。s first laughter therapist, Robert Holden says:“ Instinctively we know that laughing help us (1) and alive. Each time we laugh we feel better and more (2).” A French newspaper found that in 1930 the French laughed (3) for nieen minutes per day. By 1980 this had fallen to (4). Eight per cent of the people questioned said that they would like to (5). Other research suggests that children laugh on average about (6) a day, but by the time they reach (7) this has been reduced to about fifteen times. Somewhere in the process of (8) we lose an astonishing 385 laughs a day. William Fry, a psychiatrist from California, studied the (9) on the body. He got patients to watch funny films, and monitored their (10), heart rate and muscle tone. He found that laughter has a similar effect to (11). It speeds up the heart rate, increases blood pressure and quickens breathing.