【正文】 nal characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You e away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ?AngloSaxons are hypocrites‘ of that ?Latin peoples shout a lot‘. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique. 1. The best title for this passage is [A] tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations. [B] Tourism is tiresome. [C] Conducted tour is dull. [D] tourism really does something to one‘s country. 2. What is the author‘s attitude toward tourism? [A] apprehensive. [B] negative. [C] critical. [D] appreciative. 3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot? [A] silent. [B] noisy. [C] lively. [D] active. 4. The purpose of the author‘s criticism is to point out [A] conducted tour is disappointing. [B] the way of touring should be changed. [C] when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception. 中國最大的資料庫下載 4 [D] national stereotypes should be changed. 5. What is ?grand tour‘ now? [A] moderate cost. [B] local sightseeing is investigated by the tourist anization. [C] people enjoy the firstrate forts. [D] everybody can enjoy the ?grand tour‘. Vocabulary 1. superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的 2. moderate 中庸的，中等的，適度的 3. grand tour 大旅行，指舊時英國富家子弟教育中，到歐洲大陸觀光的旅行，為學(xué)業(yè)必經(jīng)階段。 【參考譯文】一度只有最富有者專享的“大旅行”現(xiàn)在人人都可獲得。 5. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. 【參考譯文】有人指導(dǎo)下參觀一些靜電收到組織者――旅行社仔細的檢查核準。 7. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 at one‘s worst 在情況最壞的時候。 9. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact. 【參考譯文】野蠻（亂七八糟）的概括 /歸納會激起種族仇恨，使我們對這基本事實視而不見。而旅行社的種種都使人相互難以理解。嚴格有序的計劃使旅游者難以自己一人閑逛，語言的障礙，又使他們樂意接受保護。 。 4. B 旅游的方式應(yīng)改變。 第四段講了民族固定模式（先入之見的模式）的可怕后果。 當(dāng)改變。不是人人都能享受?！?grand tour”有引號，表明作為比喻。 舒適設(shè)施。 【參考譯文】成千上萬的人們出來歡迎他們。 中國最大的資料庫下載 7 寫作方法與文章大意 作者以對比、因果寫作手法，寫出歌星享受者貴族般生活方式，出門受千萬人群歡迎，出入高級車、機，身后保鏢、經(jīng)紀人、新聞記者，來去都有報道，這一切是社會對高級演員的慷慨贈予。第一段集中談了這些：他們走到哪里，成千上萬人們出來歡迎，卻中發(fā)瘋地要看一眼穿著花哨的偶像的笑容。 ?！钡诙我婚_始就點明“為什么不驚人？社會對高級表演者總是慷慨解囊。所 以誰會忌妒他們的報酬呢？最后一段進一步說明：欲成為星族的人冒著很大的風(fēng)險，誰都知道只有一小撮人能成為頂尖人物，也可能多年的努力以徹底失敗而告終，而成功的報酬確實很高，這是對他們冒險的補償。 。還有最后一段第二句：說忌妒話的人應(yīng)記?。鹤钣忻男亲宕淼闹皇潜街畮p――人極少。 。 。那就是私人事業(yè)的根本 /本質(zhì)。這段講了掙得多，但競爭激烈。 they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated。 2. As anxietymakers, examinations are second to none. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 second to none 固定搭配，義：不亞于任何人或事物。 EX: cram for a chemistry test. 中國最大的資料庫下載 9 為應(yīng)付化學(xué)考試而臨時抱佛腳。 6. This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. 【參考譯文】這就是最終分析所歸納的一切。二是考試是憂慮的制造者，因為它決定了人的成敗命運。 答案詳解 1. A 考試對教育具有有害的影響。常常以考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程來評定老師，是他們不得不以他們所輕視的考試技巧來培訓(xùn)學(xué)生。 。第一段中作者明確指出，考試方法依舊，不能測出人的能力和水平。最后一句“我過去是一個是來歲的輟學(xué)者，現(xiàn)在我是一個年輕的百萬富翁”畫龍點睛地指出，考試指揮下的教育的失敗。但語法不通，因為這是個東西，而 is 后要求是名詞或形容詞。答案在第二段，考試是最終憂慮制造者，那是因為許多事情取決于考試：它們是我們社會中成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。 。教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。這酒是最終分析歸納的東西。這是第三段講的 不分內(nèi)容，教師他們自己常由考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程優(yōu)劣來評定。 others, oftenyoung children, strangled. By week‘s end, Ugandan police had counted 924 victims – including at least 530 who burned to death inside the sealed church – exceeding the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives. Authorities believe two of the cult‘s leaders, Joseph Kibwetere, a 68yearold former Roman 中國最大的資料庫下載 10 Catholic catechism teacher who started the cult in 1987, and his ―prophetess, ‖ Credonia Mwerinde, by some accounts a former prostitute who claimed to speak for the Virgin Mary, may still be alive and on the run. The pair had predicted the world would end on Dec. 31, 1999. When that didn‘t happen, followers who demanded the return of their possessions, which they had to surrender on joining the cult, may have been systematically killed. The Ugandan carnage focuses attention on the proliferation of religious cults in East Africa‘s impoverished rural areas and city slums. According to the institute for the study of American religion, which researches cults and sects, there are now more than 5,000 indigenous churches in Africa, some with apocalyptic or revolutionary leanings. One such group is the Jerusalem Church of Christ in Nairobi‘s Kawangwara slums, led by Mary SnaidaAkatsa, or ―mommy‖ as she is known to her thousands of followers. She prophesies about the end of the world and accuses some members of being witches. One day the brought a ―special visitor‖ to church, an Indian Sikh man she claimed was Jesus, and told her followers to ―repent or pay the consequences.‖ Most experts say Africa‘s hardships push people to seek hope in religious cults. ―These groups thrive because of poverty,‖ says Charles Onyango Obbo, editor of the Monitor, an independent newspaper in Uganda, and a close observer of cults. ―People have no support, and they‘re susceptible to anyone who is able to tap into their insecurity.‖ Additionally, they say, AIDS, which has ravaged East Africa, may also breed a fatalism that helps apocalyptic not