【正文】 have been considered. Design for Manufacturability and Assembly Design for Manufacturability and Assembly is a Simultaneous Engineering process designed to optimize the relationship between design function, manufacturability, and ease of assembly. At a minimum, the items listed here should be considered by the Product Quality Planning Team: ?Design, concept, function, and sensitivity to manufacturing variation ?Manufacturing and /or assemble process 50 ) 2． 1設(shè)計(jì)失效模式和后果分析 DFMEA是一種評(píng)定失效可能性及其失效影響的分析技術(shù)， DFMEA的一種形式為系統(tǒng)失效模式及后果分析（ SFMEA）， DFMEA是一種動(dòng)態(tài)文件，隨顧客需要和期望不斷更新， DFMEA的制定為小組提供了評(píng)審以前選擇的產(chǎn)品和過程特性和作出必要補(bǔ)充、改變和刪減的機(jī)會(huì)。本手冊(cè)不包括或涉及制定可制造性和裝配設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)劃的正式方法。 2． 4設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)審 設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)審是以供方設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)活動(dòng)為主并且應(yīng)包括其它被影響領(lǐng)域的定期安排的會(huì)議。供方應(yīng)通過使用計(jì)劃和報(bào)告格式，即由克萊斯勒和福特汽車公司制定的設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證計(jì)劃和報(bào)告（DVP＆ R）來跟蹤設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證進(jìn)展?？刂朴?jì)劃方法論見第六章所述。 57 ) Engineering Drawings Customer designs do not preclude the planning team’ s responsibility to review engineering drawings. The team should review engineering drawings in order to determine which characteristics affect fit, function, durability and/or governmental regulatory safety requirements. Drawing should be reviewed to determine if there is sufficient information for a dimensional layout of the individual part. Control or datum surfaces/locators should be clearly identified. The team should assure that math data is patible with the customers system. Engineering Specification The supplier should determine which characteristics affect or control the results that fulfil meeting functional, durability, and appearance requirements. The size and frequency of samples, unless specified, are to be determined by the supplier himself. 58 ) 2． 6工程圖樣（包括數(shù)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)） 顧客設(shè)計(jì)不排除策劃小組以如下方式評(píng)審技術(shù)圖樣的職責(zé)。應(yīng)能清楚地標(biāo)識(shí)控制或基準(zhǔn)平面／定位面，以便能為現(xiàn)行的控制過程設(shè)計(jì)適當(dāng)?shù)墓δ芰烤吆脱b備，應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)尺寸以保證可行性和工業(yè)制造和測(cè)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相一致。 59 ) Material Specifications In addition to drawings and performance specifications, material specifications should be reviewed for Special Characteristics relating to physical properties, performance, environmental, handling, and storage requirements. Drawing and Specification Change The team must ensure that drawing and specification changes are promptly municated and properly documented to all affected areas. New equipment, Tooling and Facilities Requirements The Design FMEA, Product Assurance Plan and/or Design Reviews may identify new equipment and facilities requirements. The team should address these requirements by adding the items to the Timing Chart as well as insure that new equipment and tooling is capable and delivered on time. Facilities progress should be monitored on an ongoing basis. Refer to the New Equipment, Tooling and Test Equipment Checklist in Appendix A3. 60 ) 2． 8材料規(guī)范 除了圖樣和性能規(guī)范外，對(duì)于涉及到物理特性、性能、環(huán)境、搬運(yùn)和貯存要求的特殊特性應(yīng)評(píng)審材料規(guī)范，這些特性也應(yīng)包括在控制計(jì)劃中。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組應(yīng)在進(jìn)度圖表上增加這些以強(qiáng)調(diào)此要求項(xiàng)目。 61 ) Special Product and Process Characteristics This builds on the listing of preliminary special product and process characteristics described in section . For the documentation and updating of special characteristics the forms Control Plan Special Characteristics and Data Point Coordinates can be used. These forms can be used as well as any other form that acplished the same documentation requirement. Gages/Testing Equipment Requirements Gages/testing equipment requirements may also be identified at this time and should be added to the Timing Chart. Progress should then be monitored. 62 ) 2控制計(jì)劃的特殊特性和數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)座標(biāo)值參見第六章的補(bǔ)充件 K和 L，它們是文件化和更新特殊特性，必要時(shí)也是支持樣件、試生產(chǎn)和生產(chǎn)控制計(jì)劃的推薦方法。12 量具／試驗(yàn)設(shè)備要求 量具／試驗(yàn)設(shè)備要求也可在這一時(shí)間識(shí)別，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組應(yīng)將這些要求增加到進(jìn)度圖表中，然后監(jiān)測(cè)進(jìn)展，以保證滿足所要求的進(jìn)度。 附錄 A－ 2中的設(shè)計(jì)信息清單使得小組能評(píng)審其在這一章中的工作并對(duì)其有效性作出評(píng)價(jià)。 65 ) Section Process Design and Development 階段 過程設(shè)計(jì)及開發(fā) Task of this section: 此階段的任務(wù) Ensure prehensive development of an effective manufacturing system Developing the respective Control Plan for prelaunch Ensure that customer requirements, needs and expectations are met (verification of process) 66 ) Input ? Design FMEA ?Design verification ?Design reviews ?Prototype buildcontrol plan ?Engineering drawings ?Engineering spe。小組對(duì)所提出的設(shè)計(jì)具有可行性的一致性意見和所有需要解決的未決議題應(yīng)形成文件并提交給管理者以獲取其支持。13 小組可行性承諾和管理者的支持 在這一時(shí)間，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組應(yīng)評(píng)定所提出的設(shè)計(jì)的可行性，顧客的自行設(shè)計(jì)不排除供方評(píng)定設(shè)計(jì)可行性的義務(wù)。詳細(xì)資料參見第三部分的克萊斯勒、福特和通用汽車公司質(zhì)量體系要求。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組應(yīng)根據(jù)特性明細(xì)通過評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)信息在設(shè)計(jì)特性的評(píng)審和設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)過程中達(dá)到一致。要監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)施進(jìn)度情況，以確保能在計(jì)劃的試生產(chǎn)前完工。 2 2． 7工程規(guī)范 對(duì)控制規(guī)范詳細(xì)的評(píng)審和了解將有助于產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組識(shí)別有關(guān)部件或總成的功能、耐久性和外觀的要求。如沒有顧客工程圖樣，應(yīng)由策劃小組評(píng)審控制圖樣以決定哪些特性影響配合、功能、耐久性和／或政府法規(guī)中的安全要求。 樣件的制造為小組和顧客提供了一個(gè)極好的機(jī)會(huì)來評(píng)價(jià)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)滿足顧客愿望的程度。 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組不只限于所列項(xiàng)目，適當(dāng)時(shí)小組應(yīng)考慮并使用附錄 B中所列的分析技術(shù)。 設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)審不只是技術(shù)檢驗(yàn)，而是一系列的驗(yàn)證活動(dòng)。 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、產(chǎn)品／過程、政府法規(guī)和服務(wù)要求有可能需要考慮其它因素。 2． 2可制造性和裝配設(shè)計(jì) 可制造性和裝配設(shè)計(jì)是一種同步技術(shù)過程，用來優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)功能、可制造性和易于裝配之間的關(guān)系。13 管理者支持 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組成功的關(guān)鍵之一是高層管理者對(duì)此工作的興趣、承諾和支持，小組在每一產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃階段結(jié)束時(shí)應(yīng)將新情況報(bào)告給管理者以保持其興趣，并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)他們的承諾和支持。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量策劃小組在產(chǎn)品保證計(jì)劃上所作的努力的程度取決于顧客的需要、期望和要求。在這一階段，小組應(yīng)確保制定出通過對(duì)有關(guān)顧客需要和期望的輸入的分析而得出的特殊產(chǎn)品和過程特性的初始明細(xì)表。有些可靠性基準(zhǔn)可以是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者產(chǎn)品的可靠性、顧客的報(bào)告或在一設(shè)定時(shí)間內(nèi)修理的頻率。 l． 9初始材料清單 小組在產(chǎn)品／過程設(shè)想的基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)制定一份初始材料清單，并包括早期分承包方名單。顧客需要和期望可以是無安全問題和可維修性。顧客和 /或供方應(yīng)使用這些輸入以開發(fā)統(tǒng)一的衡量顧客滿意的方法。 l． 4產(chǎn)品／過程設(shè)想 設(shè)想產(chǎn)品具有某些特性、某種設(shè)計(jì)和工藝過程概念，它們包括技術(shù)革新、先進(jìn)的材料、可靠性評(píng)定和新技術(shù)。營銷策略將確定目標(biāo)顧客、主要的銷售網(wǎng)點(diǎn)和主要的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。l1113 管理者支持 25 ) 26 ) The ‘ Voice of the Customer’ The ‘ Voice of the Customer’ enpasses plaint, remendations, data and information obtained from internal and/or external customers. Market research: The following sources can assist in identifying customer concerns/wants and translating those concerns into product and process characteristics: ?Customer interviews ?Customer questionnaires and surveys ?Market test and positioning reports ?New product quality and reliability studies ?Competitive product quality studies ?Things Gone Right (TGR) reports