【正文】 have been considered. Design for Manufacturability and Assembly Design for Manufacturability and Assembly is a Simultaneous Engineering process designed to optimize the relationship between design function, manufacturability, and ease of assembly. At a minimum, the items listed here should be considered by the Product Quality Planning Team: ?Design, concept, function, and sensitivity to manufacturing variation ?Manufacturing and /or assemble process 50 ) 2． 1設計失效模式和后果分析 DFMEA是一種評定失效可能性及其失效影響的分析技術， DFMEA的一種形式為系統(tǒng)失效模式及后果分析（ SFMEA）， DFMEA是一種動態(tài)文件，隨顧客需要和期望不斷更新， DFMEA的制定為小組提供了評審以前選擇的產(chǎn)品和過程特性和作出必要補充、改變和刪減的機會。本手冊不包括或涉及制定可制造性和裝配設計計劃的正式方法。 2． 4設計評審 設計評審是以供方設計技術活動為主并且應包括其它被影響領域的定期安排的會議。供方應通過使用計劃和報告格式，即由克萊斯勒和福特汽車公司制定的設計驗證計劃和報告（DVP＆ R）來跟蹤設計驗證進展。控制計劃方法論見第六章所述。 57 ) Engineering Drawings Customer designs do not preclude the planning team’ s responsibility to review engineering drawings. The team should review engineering drawings in order to determine which characteristics affect fit, function, durability and/or governmental regulatory safety requirements. Drawing should be reviewed to determine if there is sufficient information for a dimensional layout of the individual part. Control or datum surfaces/locators should be clearly identified. The team should assure that math data is patible with the customers system. Engineering Specification The supplier should determine which characteristics affect or control the results that fulfil meeting functional, durability, and appearance requirements. The size and frequency of samples, unless specified, are to be determined by the supplier himself. 58 ) 2． 6工程圖樣（包括數(shù)學數(shù)據(jù)） 顧客設計不排除策劃小組以如下方式評審技術圖樣的職責。應能清楚地標識控制或基準平面／定位面，以便能為現(xiàn)行的控制過程設計適當?shù)墓δ芰烤吆脱b備，應評價尺寸以保證可行性和工業(yè)制造和測量標準相一致。 59 ) Material Specifications In addition to drawings and performance specifications, material specifications should be reviewed for Special Characteristics relating to physical properties, performance, environmental, handling, and storage requirements. Drawing and Specification Change The team must ensure that drawing and specification changes are promptly municated and properly documented to all affected areas. New equipment, Tooling and Facilities Requirements The Design FMEA, Product Assurance Plan and/or Design Reviews may identify new equipment and facilities requirements. The team should address these requirements by adding the items to the Timing Chart as well as insure that new equipment and tooling is capable and delivered on time. Facilities progress should be monitored on an ongoing basis. Refer to the New Equipment, Tooling and Test Equipment Checklist in Appendix A3. 60 ) 2． 8材料規(guī)范 除了圖樣和性能規(guī)范外，對于涉及到物理特性、性能、環(huán)境、搬運和貯存要求的特殊特性應評審材料規(guī)范，這些特性也應包括在控制計劃中。產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組應在進度圖表上增加這些以強調此要求項目。 61 ) Special Product and Process Characteristics This builds on the listing of preliminary special product and process characteristics described in section . For the documentation and updating of special characteristics the forms Control Plan Special Characteristics and Data Point Coordinates can be used. These forms can be used as well as any other form that acplished the same documentation requirement. Gages/Testing Equipment Requirements Gages/testing equipment requirements may also be identified at this time and should be added to the Timing Chart. Progress should then be monitored. 62 ) 2控制計劃的特殊特性和數(shù)據(jù)點座標值參見第六章的補充件 K和 L，它們是文件化和更新特殊特性，必要時也是支持樣件、試生產(chǎn)和生產(chǎn)控制計劃的推薦方法。12 量具／試驗設備要求 量具／試驗設備要求也可在這一時間識別，產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組應將這些要求增加到進度圖表中，然后監(jiān)測進展，以保證滿足所要求的進度。 附錄 A－ 2中的設計信息清單使得小組能評審其在這一章中的工作并對其有效性作出評價。 65 ) Section Process Design and Development 階段 過程設計及開發(fā) Task of this section: 此階段的任務 Ensure prehensive development of an effective manufacturing system Developing the respective Control Plan for prelaunch Ensure that customer requirements, needs and expectations are met (verification of process) 66 ) Input ? Design FMEA ?Design verification ?Design reviews ?Prototype buildcontrol plan ?Engineering drawings ?Engineering spe。小組對所提出的設計具有可行性的一致性意見和所有需要解決的未決議題應形成文件并提交給管理者以獲取其支持。13 小組可行性承諾和管理者的支持 在這一時間，產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組應評定所提出的設計的可行性，顧客的自行設計不排除供方評定設計可行性的義務。詳細資料參見第三部分的克萊斯勒、福特和通用汽車公司質量體系要求。產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組應根據(jù)特性明細通過評價技術信息在設計特性的評審和設計開發(fā)過程中達到一致。要監(jiān)測設施進度情況，以確保能在計劃的試生產(chǎn)前完工。 2 2． 7工程規(guī)范 對控制規(guī)范詳細的評審和了解將有助于產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組識別有關部件或總成的功能、耐久性和外觀的要求。如沒有顧客工程圖樣，應由策劃小組評審控制圖樣以決定哪些特性影響配合、功能、耐久性和／或政府法規(guī)中的安全要求。 樣件的制造為小組和顧客提供了一個極好的機會來評價產(chǎn)品或服務滿足顧客愿望的程度。 產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組不只限于所列項目，適當時小組應考慮并使用附錄 B中所列的分析技術。 設計評審不只是技術檢驗，而是一系列的驗證活動。 產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組的知識、經(jīng)驗、產(chǎn)品／過程、政府法規(guī)和服務要求有可能需要考慮其它因素。 2． 2可制造性和裝配設計 可制造性和裝配設計是一種同步技術過程，用來優(yōu)化設計功能、可制造性和易于裝配之間的關系。13 管理者支持 產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組成功的關鍵之一是高層管理者對此工作的興趣、承諾和支持，小組在每一產(chǎn)品質量策劃階段結束時應將新情況報告給管理者以保持其興趣，并進一步促進他們的承諾和支持。產(chǎn)品質量策劃小組在產(chǎn)品保證計劃上所作的努力的程度取決于顧客的需要、期望和要求。在這一階段，小組應確保制定出通過對有關顧客需要和期望的輸入的分析而得出的特殊產(chǎn)品和過程特性的初始明細表。有些可靠性基準可以是競爭者產(chǎn)品的可靠性、顧客的報告或在一設定時間內修理的頻率。 l． 9初始材料清單 小組在產(chǎn)品／過程設想的基礎上應制定一份初始材料清單，并包括早期分承包方名單。顧客需要和期望可以是無安全問題和可維修性。顧客和 /或供方應使用這些輸入以開發(fā)統(tǒng)一的衡量顧客滿意的方法。 l． 4產(chǎn)品／過程設想 設想產(chǎn)品具有某些特性、某種設計和工藝過程概念，它們包括技術革新、先進的材料、可靠性評定和新技術。營銷策略將確定目標顧客、主要的銷售網(wǎng)點和主要的競爭者。l1113 管理者支持 25 ) 26 ) The ‘ Voice of the Customer’ The ‘ Voice of the Customer’ enpasses plaint, remendations, data and information obtained from internal and/or external customers. Market research: The following sources can assist in identifying customer concerns/wants and translating those concerns into product and process characteristics: ?Customer interviews ?Customer questionnaires and surveys ?Market test and positioning reports ?New product quality and reliability studies ?Competitive product quality studies ?Things Gone Right (TGR) reports