制造業(yè)物流管理技巧與評估體系課程(文件)
【正文】 Selfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page9 7. 如何衡量物流配送質(zhì)量和效率 , 使物流配送成為雙贏的 服務(wù) ? , 以取得競爭優(yōu)勢 ?Selfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page10Inventory and Inventory Management (1)What Is Inventory ?Those stocks or items used to support production ( raw materials and workinprocess items), supporting activities (maintenance, repair, and operating suppliers ), and customer service ( finished goods and spare parts )What are Purposes of Inventory ?? Anticipation inventory for future demand 。? Hedge inventory to protect against price fluctuations . Selfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page11Design Purchase Manufacture Assemble ShipInventory Manufacture Assemble ShipManufacture Inventory Assemble ShipManufacture Assemble Inventory ShipDelivery lead timeDelivery lead timeDelivery lead timeDelivery lead timeEngineertoOrderMake toOrderAssembletoOrderMaketoStockManufacturing StrategiesSelfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page12Demand Management[ Demand ] A need for a particular product or ponent.Sources of Demand :? Customers ? Spare parts ? Promotions? Intrapany Characteristics of Demand :? Trend ? Seasonality? Random variation? Cyclical variation| Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 |Selfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page13Forecasting and forecasting techniques (1)Principles of Forecasting ? forecasts are almost always wrong .? Should include an estimate of error.? forecast are more accurate for groups of products .? forecasts are more accurate for nearer period of time.Forecasting techniques :? Qualitative( 定性 ) techniques are based on intuition(直覺 ) and informed opinion。 關(guān)鍵 提高效率 ， 縮短交貨周期 大規(guī)模定制與延遲生產(chǎn)可以降低成品的預(yù)測難度和庫存Selfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page17 物流指標(biāo) KPI?CLIP?RLIP?ICSL?Inventory turns ?Stock by MAT 庫存?Inventory Run Rate?Planning reliability 計劃準(zhǔn)確率?Component missing rate 零件缺貨率Selfassessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/ Page18 ? CLIP=number of order lines shipped in warehouse within order book lead time/total number of order lines to be shipped according to order book*100% C
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