【正文】 ought to perform the step? 5） where ought it to occur? 6） how ought it to occur? 流程活動圖 ?流程活動圖示例 供應(yīng)鏈反應(yīng)矩陣 ?供應(yīng)鏈反應(yīng)矩陣（ Supply Chain Response Matrix）， also called as “ time based process mapping” 1） Diagram shows the critical leadtime constraints for a particular process. 2） This will be the cumulative lead time in a distribution pany, its suppliers, and retailer. 3） Cumulative lead time = 42 working days (x axis) 4） 99 working days of material held in the system( yaxis) 5） Total response time In the system= 141 days. 6） Each of the individual lead times and inventory amounts can be targeted for improvement. 供應(yīng)鏈反應(yīng)矩陣 生產(chǎn)多樣性漏斗 ?Production Variety Funnel ? Approach originated in operations management area ? Similar method to this is the I,V,A,T analysis ? I,V,A,T Analysis? ? Views internal operations in panies that conform to I,V,A or T shapes. ? I – unidirectional, unvarying production of multiple items ? V limited number of raw materials, wide variety of finished products ? A Many raw materials, limited finished products ? T Wide bination of products from few ponents 生產(chǎn)多樣性漏斗 Advantages of classifying products on IVAT basis ? To understand how the firm or supply chain operates ? How to manage the plexities associated with the supply chain. ? Helpful in deciding where to target inventory reduction and changes to processing of products. 質(zhì)量過濾圖 （ Quality Filter Mapping） ? New tool designed to identify where quality problems exist in the supply chain. Different types of quality defect ? Product defects not caught up in line ? Service defect inappropriate delivery, documentation etc. ? Internal Scrap caught up inline or endofline. Each of these defects are then mapped to identify the source of defects and ways to correct it. 質(zhì)量過濾圖 （ Quality Filter Mapping） 需求擴大圖 （ Demand Amplification Mapping） ?This simple analytical tool can be used to show how demand changes along the supply chain. 需求擴大圖 （ Demand Amplification Mapping） ?Information from the graph ? Can be used for decision making and further analysis. ? Help to redesign the value stream configuration ? Manage fluctuations ? Reduce the fluctuation 決策點分析 （ Decision Point Analysis） ?Particularly used for T plants Wide bination of products from few ponents What is a decision point? ?Decision point is the point in the supply chain where actual demand pull gives way to forecast driven push. ?Products that are made according to actual demand are produced by forecast alone. 決策點分析 （ Decision Point Analysis） 決策點分析 （ Decision Point Analysis） Advantages of doing this? ? Assess the processes that operate both downstream and upstream from the decision point. ? This will help to ensure whether the processes are aligned with relevant pull or push methodology. ? Long term perspective possible to design various “ what if” scenarios, after the decision point has moved. ? This allows for better design of the value stream. 物理結(jié)構(gòu)圖 （ Physical Structure Mapping） ?Help us to understand ? How a particular supply chain looks at an overview or industry level ? This will be helpful to focus on the area that does not receive sufficient departmental attention. ? Types of physical structure ? Volume structure ? Cost structure 物理結(jié)構(gòu)圖 （ Physical Structure Mapping） ?Volume Structure 物理結(jié)構(gòu)圖 （ Physical Structure Mapping） ?Cost Structure 總結(jié) ? Process activity mapping involving five steps. First an analysis of the process is undertaken, followed by the identification of waste. Then consideration of whether the process can be rearranged in more efficient sequence, whether there is a better flow pattern and whether superfluous tasks can be removed. ? Supply chain response matrix seeks to po