【正文】 Christmas指整個圣誕節(jié) ,而不是只指那一天 at the /that time。 on the following day。 in summer。 d) on Monday morning。 in the early morning。 over。 She spoke during the meeting. During our stay in Japan we met several old friends. our visit to C) I have done that for years. [內(nèi)包時間 ] I haven’t done that for years.[時間之外的動作 ] D) over, all through, throughout具有持續(xù)時間的含義，和他們表示地點的遍及含義對應(yīng) We camped there over the holiday/over the weekend/ over night. We camped there throughout the summer. (4)持續(xù)： from…to…。 up to 通常表明一段較長的時間，其中不包括介詞不足語中的那一段時間 We worked up to Christmas.[不包括 Christmas] D) till /until 只能與持續(xù)動詞，即表示一段時間動詞 連用。 for 表示持續(xù)的一段時間 。 它在含義上和 already, still, yet和 any more有聯(lián)系。 for。表示理由或原因，是 because of 的正式語體中的替代形式。 She made her daughter a beautiful doll. He cooked her a dinner. B) to在句子中表示“實際接受者”。 shout at/to。 Life is like a dream. Bill writes poetry like his brother. [in a manner resembling that of his brother] Like his brother, Bill writes poetry.[相似 ] Bill writes poetry, like his brother.[相似 ] She spoke like a lawyer. [in a manner resembling ] She spoke as a lawyer.[以實際的身份和地位 ] She spoke as a lawyer does. [in that manner] (2)手段和工具 。 like (unlike)。 She ran at me.[表示敵意 ] She ran to me.[表示向某一目標的移動 ] 類似的有： point at/to。 He set out for London. B)用 to短語表示假設(shè)將會到達的目的地。 from。 :(原因 /目的系列；手段 /施動者系列） 原因 /目的系列 原因： She lost her job because of her age. 理由： He was fined for drunken driving. 動機： He did it out of kindness. 目的： Everyone ran for shelter. 目的地： I’m leaving for Beijing. 目標： This novel is aimed at a young audience. 手段 /施動者系列 方式： She performed the operation with great skill. 手段： They left by plane. 工具： She tried to open the lock with a knife. 施動者： They were noticed by no one. 刺激： I’m astonished at your reaction. 1)原因 /目的系列 (1)原因 /理由 /動機： because of 。by。 My girlfriend worked/arrived* there till Christmas. She worked*/ arrived by Christmas. E)在否定語境中， until /till不論與持續(xù)動詞還是瞬間動詞連用都成立。 up to。 throughout。這里 in 的意義： at the end of three months starting from now] b) We met three months ago.[從現(xiàn)在起回溯到過去某一點之間的時間段 ] c)要從過去某一點時間向前衡量時，只有下面的結(jié)構(gòu)才是正確的： He finished the job in three months. [in the space of three months from when he started] (3) 持續(xù)： for。 on the following evening。 in 2020。 on New Year’s day。 at night。 at noon。 in。 loaded with。 through。 just。 out of 。 down。 beyond主要指方位 over。 over。 across。 past。(沒有通過的意義 ) He threw a blanket over her. The bush was the only conceivable hiding place, so I dashed behind it. When it started to rain, we all went underneath the trees. (9)通過意義 :over。 between將某一物體的位置與特定的或單一的某組分離物體聯(lián)系起來 。 around和 round指圍繞的位置或物體的運動。 opposite。 beside。 beneath。 over。 He works in London, but lives in the country. Our plane refueled at London on its way from New York to Moscow. 比較： She’s at Oxford. in Oxford. Sid works at a publishing house . in Ann is at school. in school. in the school. 比較： The Smiths drove to Edinburgh. They drove towards Edinburgh. They drove as far as Edinburgh. He is learning against the wall. There are still apples on the tree. [hanging from] 注意： She arrived at the shop/ bus stop. her arrival at the shop/ bus stop. (3)來源或否定的位置： away from。 in the drawer。 in the village。 on the coast 面： on the wall。但是注意比較： Don’t run in the school. Don’t run into the school. C)另一方面，下列動詞（ place, stand, lay, sit）?？梢院?to, onto和 into結(jié)合，也可以不結(jié)合 : She put the typewriter case on (to) the top shelf and the key in (to) the drawer. 再舉例子 點： at the bus stop。 into。 to。 with/in respect to。 in return for。 at the expense of。 on (the) top of。 on+名詞 +of: on account of。 in line with。 in spite of。 in need of。 in case of。 On arriving she took a taxi. ④ 思考下列三個詞是什么詞性： when, after, by? She looked up the hill. (1) She walked across the street. (2) She looked up the word. (3) She walked across. (4) ① 在下列句子中，介詞和副詞的區(qū)別并不明顯： He is near to being mad.