【正文】 sustainability assessment toolkits beingimplemented in different countries. The BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) system is an integrated sustainability assessment tool used in the UK. This tool covers waste, water and energy, as well as transport, pollution, munity engagement, the health and wellbeing of building occupants, the choice of material, enhancing biodiversity and building management. The BREEAM series can assess several types of buildings’ design, including BREEAM Courts, Healthcare, Industrial, International, Multiresidential, Prison, Offices, Retail, Education, Communities and Bespoke. The other sustainability assessment tool for buildings is The Code for Sustainable Homes [3] to be used in residential building designs in the UK covers the following areas:1. Energy efficiency/CO2.2. Water efficiency.3. Surface water management.4. Site waste management.5. Household waste management.6. Use of materials.7. Lifetime homes (applies to Code Level 6 only).Another well known sustainability assessment tool is Leadership in Energy amp。 renewable heatand power.2. Transportdmore fuel efficient vehicles。 modal shifts from roadtransport to rail and public transport systems。 improved cook stoves, improved insulation。 material recycling and substitution。 improved nitrogen fertilizer application techniques to reduce N2O emissions。 forest management。 waste incineration with energy recovery posting of organic waste controlled waste water treatment。 therefore their contribution to the total weight is independent [19]. The paired parison method [20] and the fuzzy ordering method [21] are usually suitable for plex ranking order problems. It is more suitable for decision making problems when the alternatives are quite petitive and interdependent to each other. The AHP method [22] has been applied in previous researches which are more suitable when the number of criteria and alternatives are massive and may be interdependent. For example, it has been used in building investment [23], final contractor selection [22], and dispute resolution strategy selection [24]. It is a good way to structure and break down a plex decision making process. Fuzzy logic has been applied in multicriteria decision making problems [25–28], group decisionmaking [29]。 however not all of them can be implemented in practice. In the current industrial environment, the application of sustainable design solutions in a project is limited by the affordability and risks the investors willing to take in practice. The opinions of the practitioners are crucial to the final decision. Therefore a feasibility study on the design options should be included in the decision making process. Workshop is the most direct and effective way to educate the practitioners by how much their project can benefit the environment by choosing the right design options. Meanwhile, their industrial experiences can provide us with the best feasibility evaluation on the sustainable design options. The existing sustainable design tools are designed for the general guidance of building design. These sustainable design tools for buildings mostly focus on the environmental impact of the buildings and the capital cost of the design options. However the life cycle costs and the practitioners’ opinion have been neglected, even they are just as equally important as the environmental impact. Buildings are longlasting products。 harvested wood product management。 improved energy efficiency.6. Forestrydforestation。 restoration of cultivated peaty soils and degraded lands。 alternative refrigeration fluids, recovery and recycle of flu orientated gases.4. Industrydmore efficient enduse electrical equipment。 landuse and transport panning.3. Buildingsdefficient lighting and day lighting。cleaner diesel vehicles。fuel switching from coal to gas。因此，“購物清單”已縮短到適合的具體項(xiàng)目環(huán)境，它不是一個(gè)通用適合所有選項(xiàng)列表項(xiàng)目。“選擇更好的環(huán)境和低生命周期成本性能獲得較高的排名名單上位置，從業(yè)人員生命周期決定顯著影響成本分析，他們的決定不僅集中于初始資成本，而且還設(shè)計(jì)方案的長期性能。（重要輸入因素的變化該模型權(quán)重）沒有最終產(chǎn)生重大影響結(jié)果?！笆謾C(jī)收集”等其他選項(xiàng)和“電子設(shè)備廢物處置程序，也作為義務(wù)教育設(shè)計(jì)方案由從業(yè)人員選擇盡管它們添加到零售商運(yùn)營成本，然而，兩個(gè)方案環(huán)境優(yōu)勢，利于從業(yè)人員對經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)。以前的決策方法，重點(diǎn)對初始資本成本和建筑設(shè)計(jì)對環(huán)境的影響因此只能以較低的資本成本設(shè)計(jì)選項(xiàng)。11設(shè)置管理審查期間評估成功措施實(shí)施1212存在探測器照明1213維護(hù)時(shí)間表1214使用綠色指南以規(guī)范1115使用建設(shè)生態(tài)標(biāo)簽1116發(fā)布存儲操作手冊1117被動設(shè)計(jì)1118首選供應(yīng)商的原則1119號樓的可持續(xù)性績效儀表板1020劃的接線1021進(jìn)行持續(xù)監(jiān)測跟蹤選定指標(biāo)一旦變化衡量改善1022微調(diào)1023森林管理委員會（FSC）認(rèn)證的木材1024監(jiān)視器能源，水和廢物925可生物降解的清潔劑926常規(guī)范的方法用于測量環(huán)境性能指標(biāo)927標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的預(yù)制組件828監(jiān)控施工現(xiàn)場廢物829現(xiàn)場廢物流隔離830再生紙內(nèi)容831天氣補(bǔ)償恒溫832綠色電源供應(yīng)合同833號樓用戶教育834提高認(rèn)識關(guān)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的735網(wǎng)站廢物管理計(jì)劃736個(gè)公廁存在探測器737家零售商的商店作為學(xué)習(xí)資源738指定為主要建筑構(gòu)件7絕緣性能39靈活性和耐用性740節(jié)水配件741展示綠色建筑功能，公共642帳戶不良熱得失6．結(jié)果分析一些額外的研討會已經(jīng)舉行，而從業(yè)者收集反饋的研究，零售商的行政長官邀請以評估從輸出零售商的全球設(shè)計(jì)生命周期評估工具可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)略，對于每可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設(shè)計(jì)方案，在排名基于對長期經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境影響的可行性，并選擇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提交從業(yè)人員。根據(jù)總決賽分?jǐn)?shù)在所有的選擇中產(chǎn)生最后一個(gè)等級。計(jì)劃提供工料測量師和規(guī)范性文件旗艦店估計(jì)生產(chǎn)成本頻段基礎(chǔ)。高水平成本估計(jì)是由專業(yè)工程師和數(shù)量驗(yàn)船師產(chǎn)生。主持人介紹每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的性質(zhì)，研討會的與會者記錄了他們的意見使用的基于優(yōu)先矩陣，有效地評估他們的總偏好選項(xiàng)。設(shè)計(jì)方案由零售商的決策者提出，他們也引導(dǎo)的選擇加權(quán)評價(jià)，寧可按照排名系統(tǒng)來平衡可行性和環(huán)境效益。決策者可以選擇最佳作為他們的最合適的設(shè)計(jì)方案，在長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略實(shí)踐。 (2)設(shè)計(jì)方案由他們最后得分被排名。在研討會，從業(yè)人員被要求評價(jià)每個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重要性?？尚行缘梅纸Y(jié)合在車間所有從業(yè)人員意見。投資者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)測量采用常用低，中，高層次，得分為1，0和1?？山邮艿乃綖轭~外的資金成本和運(yùn)營成本預(yù)算是5000（項(xiàng)目價(jià)值約1％）和2500英鎊（％項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值）和最首選的額外費(fèi)用是零或收入（負(fù)成本）。由于它是在項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的初始階段，它是不可能的沒有詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)，給一個(gè)非常準(zhǔn)確的成本估算信息。 (1)建議的可行性設(shè)計(jì)方案可以根據(jù)決策的集團(tuán)排名。例如，在面試調(diào)查的問題中的每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)選項(xiàng)：設(shè)計(jì)方案的選擇，以及如何評價(jià)12的環(huán)境效益的內(nèi)涵和實(shí)踐。每個(gè)從業(yè)人員給定的選擇評價(jià)兩個(gè)優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域：環(huán)境利益和方便”。生產(chǎn)車間和一些關(guān)鍵的首席執(zhí)行官零售商，每周安排為了評估的可行性，在產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)方案。．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)采集選取最優(yōu)選擇可持續(xù)的設(shè)計(jì)，項(xiàng)目取決于多種因素?？v橫交錯(cuò)繪圖法被廣泛應(yīng)用于一個(gè)通用的、綜合性的設(shè)計(jì)選擇列表。該生命周期評估工具包括來自諮商師及最重要的定量數(shù)據(jù)測量技術(shù)工程師和施工技術(shù)員的定性評估?！?．方法論．生命周期評價(jià)工具的結(jié)構(gòu)在立法和法規(guī)有關(guān)可持續(xù)建筑的建設(shè)和環(huán)境影響產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國的很少相比其他一些發(fā)達(dá)國家[31]。模糊邏輯　　已應(yīng)用于多目標(biāo)決策問題 [25 – 28]、群決策[29] 和等級排序問題。當(dāng)選擇使問題很有競爭力和相互依存的相互聯(lián)系，這是更適合的決定?！≈苯蛹訖?quán)的評估法有利于淳樸的決策(19)。有限可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)方案循環(huán)內(nèi)容包工具法建筑分解成構(gòu)件為了選擇高循環(huán)內(nèi)容建材為項(xiàng)目只關(guān)注循環(huán)內(nèi)容方面的可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)。測評工具優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)英國建筑研究組織環(huán)境評價(jià)法涵蓋了廣泛的設(shè)計(jì)等方面英國公共的非商業(yè)性服務(wù)的建筑。生命周期評估工具可以評估無限的可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)方案和經(jīng)濟(jì)評估。有許多成本模型，開發(fā)生命周期成本估計(jì)，如NHS醫(yī)院大樓[13]、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用[14]建筑因素和噪聲屏障及墻[15]的選擇。Tukker[12]聲稱，生命周期評價(jià)是一個(gè)通用的環(huán)境評價(jià)的框架。這些可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)工具主要集中在對建筑物的環(huán)境影響及建筑和資本成本。有大量的文獻(xiàn)和可持續(xù)的設(shè)計(jì)工具提供眾多的可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)方案由設(shè)計(jì)師選擇，　但是并不是所有的人可以在實(shí)際中實(shí)施。林