【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ounts for almost 50% of the total energy eachyear [1]. There are about 650 million tonnes ofwastes produced by the construction industry in China every year [2]. Design for sustainable buildings is an urgent task for the construction industry in building design reduces the influences of manmadebuildings to the environment during the buildings’ whole lives. It is vital for the investors to take into consideration the environmental influences of a building through its whole life, that is, from the initial construction process to the future operation stage of the building. There are various sustainability assessment toolkits beingimplemented in different countries. The BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) system is an integrated sustainability assessment tool used in the UK. This tool covers waste, water and energy, as well as transport, pollution, munity engagement, the health and wellbeing of building occupants, the choice of material, enhancing biodiversity and building management. The BREEAM series can assess several types of buildings’ design, including BREEAM Courts, Healthcare, Industrial, International, Multiresidential, Prison, Offices, Retail, Education, Communities and Bespoke. The other sustainability assessment tool for buildings is The Code for Sustainable Homes [3] to be used in residential building designs in the UK covers the following areas:1. Energy efficiency/CO2.2. Water efficiency.3. Surface water management.4. Site waste management.5. Household waste management.6. Use of materials.7. Lifetime homes (applies to Code Level 6 only).Another well known sustainability assessment tool is Leadership in Energy amp。 Environmental Design [4] used mainly in the US. It covers new construction, existing buildings, mercial interiors, * Corresponding author. School of Law, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049, China.Tel.: t86 15221627530. Email addresses: southsouth@ (N. Wang), rudieger@ (. Chang).Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Building and Environment journal homepage: $ – see front matter _ 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:(2010) 1415–1421core and shell, schools, retail, healthcare, homes, and neighbourhood development. The checklist scoring system includes the following main aspects:1. Sustainable sites.2. Water efficiency.3. Energy and atmosphere.4. Material and resources.5. Indoor environmental quality.6. Innovation and design process.The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) recycle content toolkit is designed by the WRAP [5] in order to increase the amount of recycled content incorporated into buildings. It includes some 3000 building ponents’ recycle content that estimates for new build and existing buildings. In the IPCC fourth assessment report Metz [6] suggested key mitigation technologies and practices by seven sectors.1. Energy supplydimproved supply and distribution efficiency。fuel switching from coal to gas。 nuclear power。 renewable heatand power.2. Transportdmore fuel efficient vehicles。 hybrid vehicles。cleaner diesel vehicles。 bio fuels。 modal shifts from roadtransport to rail and public transport systems。 nonmotorised transport。 landuse and transport panning.3. Buildingsdefficient lighting and day lighting。 more efficient electrical appliances and heating and cooling devices。 improved cook stoves, improved insulation。 passive and active solar design for heating and cooling。 alternative refrigeration fluids, recovery and recycle of flu orientated gases.4. Industrydmore efficient enduse electrical equipment。 heat and power recovery。 material recycling and substitution。 control of nonCO2 gas emissions and a wide array of processspecific technologies.5. Agriculturedimproved crop and grazing land management to increase soil carbon storage。 restoration of cultivated peaty soils and degraded lands。 improved rice cultivation techniques and livestock and manure management to reduce CH4 emissions。 improved nitrogen fertilizer application techniques to reduce N2O emissions。 dedicated energy crops to replace fossil fuel use。 improved energy efficiency.6. Forestrydforestation。 reforestation。 forest management。 reduced deforestation。 harvested wood product management。 use of forestry products for bioenergy to replace fossil fuel use.7. Wastedlandfill methane recovery。 waste incineration with energy recovery posting of organic waste controlled waste water treatment。 recycling and waste minimisation. Other resources for generating sustainable design solutions include BRC [7], Constructing Excellence [8], SEEDA [9], The Carbon Trust [10], UK Government Office of Government Commerce [11]. There are an enormous number of literature and sustainable design tools providing numerous sustainable design options for designers to choose。 however not all of them can be implemented in practice. In the current industrial environment, the application of sustainable design solutions in a project is limited by the affordability and risks the investors willing to take in practice. The opinions of the practitioners are crucial to the final decision. Therefore a feasibility study on the design options should be included in the decision making process. Workshop is the most direct and effective way to educate the practitioners by how much their project can benefit the environment by choosing the right design options. Meanwhile, their industrial experiences can provide us with the best feasibility evaluation on the sustainable design options. The existing sustainable design tools are designed for the general guidance of building design. These sustainable design tools for buildings mostly focus on the environmental impact of the buildings and the capital cost of the design options. However the life cycle costs and the practitioners’ opinion have been neglected, even they are just as equally important as the environmental impact. Buildings are longlasting products。 the design of buildings should practically reduce the l