【正文】 sually the scarlet letter紅字 heroine:Hester allegorist 諷喻家 symbolism 象征 young good man brown小伙子布朗 twicetold Tales盡人皆知的故事 mosses from an old manse古屋青苔 the snowImage 雪的形象 the house of the seven gables有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子 the marble faun玉石雕像 4 華爾特 惠特曼 walt Whitman 18191892 there was a child went forth有個(gè)向前走的孩子 leaves of grass草葉集 monumental work,歌頌整個(gè)美國和自我。 Queen Mab Men for England ode to the West Wind西風(fēng)頌 Shelly eulogyized the powerful west wing and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. to a skylark defence of poetry Prometheus unboundfouract poetic 6 約翰 濟(jì)慈 John Keats 17951821 積極派，只為藝術(shù)，真就是美，美就是真。es Cymbeline The Winter‘s Tale the Tempest Romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet tragedy but optimistic 樂觀 spirit. Writing feature: 1 a play in the play 2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient myth. 3 several threads running through the play 4 bination of tragic and ic elements. Writing style: 1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(alliterateion 頭韻， simile 明喻， metaphor 暗喻 ) 3 use poetry in his play The theme of the son: 1 express love and praise to a young man 2 immortalize beauty through verses 3friendship or betrayal of friendship 4 弗蘭西斯 培根 Francis Bacon 15611626 Philosopher, scientist , essayist ―knowledge is power‖ Essays 《論說文集》或隨筆 “ founder of modern science in England” the advancement of learning is a great tract on education. of studies is the most popular of Bacon‘s 58 essays. ―studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.‖ ―some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.‖ The theme of the of studies:it analyzes what studies chiefly serve for,the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. Novum Organum新工具 A:It is a successful treatise written in latin on methodology. B:the argument is for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study. C:bacon first expounds the four great false conceivings that beset men‘s ming and prevent them from seeking the truth. D:Bacon suggests the inductive reasoning 歸納推理法 (proceeding from the particular to the general) Aristotelian method,the deductive reasoning 演繹推理法 (preceeding from the general to the particular.) E:by putting forwardd this theory,bacon,as a humanist intellect,shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists. the history of the Reign of Henry VII Knowledge divides into two kinds: Devine Revelation and the working of human mind Man‘s understanding consists of three parts: A history to man‘s memory B poetry to imagination and creation C philosophy to man‘s reason Bacon‘s essays are famous for their brevity , pactness, and powerfulness. Montaigne 蒙田（法國文藝復(fù)興思想家散文家） is the predecessor of Bacon. 5 約翰 鄧恩 John Donne 15721631 A merchant was famed as a Preacher 傳教士 , lyric poet, a great visitor of ladies, a gteat frequenter of plays, a great writer of conceited verses syllogism 三段論 ―metaphysical poetry‖ he is the leading figure of the ―metaphysical school‖. Donne‘s great prose works are his sermons,which are both rich and imaginative. Donne‘s poetry involves a kind of argument ,in rigid syllogistic form. the songs and sons love is the basic theme. the sun rising death,be not proud Feature: artificial 人工 witty conceit 灰諧 obscure 含糊不清 6 約翰 彌爾頓 John Milton 16081674 A Catholic family 天主教 Latin blind . Paradise Lost失樂園 masterpiece. a story taken from ―the old Testament‖ ,a long epic divided into 12 books ,taken from the theme is ―fall of man‖ The main idea:to beg for mercy and worship his power were more shamefull and disgracefull than this downfall. Samson Agonists the most powerfull dramatic poem on the Greek model. Three group: A the early poetic works B the middle prose pamphlets C the last great poems The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton‘s creed. Paradise Regained 第二章 新古典主義時(shí)期 the Neoclassical Period 16601798(18th century) 人社會動物 industrial revolution 工業(yè)革命 the Restoration Gothic Novel: 1 content: magic, supernaturall elements, ghosts, monsters. 2setting: old castle, graveyard, dard forest 3atomsphere:horrible The enlightenment movement（ the age of reason ） ： 啟蒙運(yùn)動 It was a progressive intellectuall 進(jìn)步知道份子 movement which flourished in France and swept the whole western Europe at the time. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. 當(dāng)代哲學(xué)和藝術(shù)思想 The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science,理性平等科學(xué) and they also advocated universal 1 約翰 班楊 John Bunyan 16281688 18 年坐牢， Christianity 基督教 the pilgrim‘s progress‖the vanity fair‖ is the most successful religious allegory 宗教寓言in the English language. Metaphor 暗喻 life as a journey search for spiritual salvation Style: Moded after the Bible, language:e asy to read,colloquial, concrete and concise form: allegorian form,reallystic,true to life. 2 亞歷山大 蒲 柏 Alexander Pope 16881744 The first to introduce rationalism 理性主義 to England. an essay an criticism《論批評》 didactic/sermon poem written in heroic couplets. 句子理解： On fruit trees,where leaves are plentiful,fruit will be few. Similarly,in a piece of writing,where too many fine words are used ,good sense will be much reduced. The theme of this poem:Pope advises the critics not to stresss too much the artificeial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language but to pay special attention to True Wit which is best set in a plain style.