農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)英語知識(文件)
【正文】 品種的產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值均有損失。2002和2003年試驗中的5個品種，每磅的增值范圍在2002年是0．10～0．25美元、在2003年是0．09～0．33美元。卷煙不僅僅是幾種類型煙草的混合，而且是幾種類型煙草的不同部位煙葉的混合。例如，一些卷煙制造商可能喜歡在卷煙中用較多的頂部煙葉，而另一些則可能喜歡買少量的下部葉。但是僅靠將最上部葉片分開采收，還不足以生產(chǎn)出具有頂葉等級的理想的化學和物理特性的煙葉。根據(jù)煙草公司對來自從這些試驗的上部煙葉的評估，成熟度和最上部葉的分次采收對頂葉等級的牛產(chǎn)影響最大。Additional research was conducted to evaluate removing either the bottom four or eight leaves as a way to reduce production of priming grades (Table 83). Preliminary data from this study indicates that removal of the bottom four leaves eliminates priming grades and the removal of the bottom eight leaves eliminates priming and lug grades. 為了評估除去底部4或8片葉以減少腳葉等級的方法，進行了另外的研究(表83)。Removal of four leaves resulted in a 6 percent average reduction in yield and gross value per acre. Removing eight leaves resulted in a 20 percent average reduction in yield and gross value per acre. However, reduced curing and labor costs due to leaf removal would make the reduction in net value per acre less than the reduction in gross value.去除4片葉導致每英畝產(chǎn)量和毛產(chǎn)值下降6％，去除8片腎卜導致每英畝產(chǎn)量和毛產(chǎn)值下降20％。只有在高氮用量導致帶青煙或青煙等級時，氮用量才減少頂葉等級的生產(chǎn)。研究包括K32NC71和speight 168品種，對推薦氮用量和在推薦氮用量基礎上加20磅N以及高打頂和正常高度打頂進行了比較。近幾年，許多種植者把上部過熟葉、上二棚葉和頂葉混在一起一次采收，這樣就減少了產(chǎn)生頂葉等級的機會，也降低了煙草公司在煙葉配方方面能力的發(fā)揮。Therefore, separation of tobacco into distinct stalk positions during harvest is extremely important to producing a quality, highdemand product regardless of the buying pany (See Figure 1). Cigarette manufacturers and leaf dealers have different preferences for the styles of tobacco they desire to meet customer needs. For example, some cigarette manufacturers would like to see greater production of tip grades for use in blending while others would like to buy less lowerstalk tobacco. 因此，在收獲期間將煙葉按不同部位進行劃分對生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量、高需求的產(chǎn)品是極其重要的。所以，從煙葉品質(zhì)方面考慮，沒有比采收成熟煙葉更重要的了。From a quality perspective it is important to note that the price per pound almost always increased as harvest was delayed from 7 days early (unripe) to 10 or 20 days later. For the five varieties that were in the 2002 and 2003 tests, the range of increase was from $ to $ per pound in 2002。Treatment 5 is probably unrealistic since there would seldom be a need to delay harvest by 30 days after the tobacco is ripe. But it is a good indicator of how well varieties will hold in the field. All varieties tested lost yield and value in treatment 5. However, there were significant differences among varieties in the magnitude of the loss.處理5可能是不切實際的，因為很少需要在煙葉成熟后推遲30天采收。 treatment 3, 20 days later than treatment 1。這項研究是設計通過在不同成熟時期完成最后采收來測定成熟速率和耐熟能力。In 2002, tobacco matured quickly in our tests and held for 10 to 20 days
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